The interaction of chemoreceptors and baroreceptors with the central nervous system. A critical role in early life.
The interaction of chemoreceptors and baroreceptors with the central nervous system. A critical role in early life.
复制标题
化学感受器和压力感受器与中枢神经系统的相互作用。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb37251.x
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Donnelly,DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haddad,GG;Donnelly,DF
外周化学感受器和压力感受器传入在过去的20 - 30年中得到了广泛的研究，不仅在感觉水平上，而且在它们与脑干的相互作用以及它们在调节心血管和呼吸功能中的整体作用方面。虽然大多数研究是在成年人或动物身上进行的，但有些研究集中在胎儿和出生后新生儿的这些传入系统上。I5-I7在成熟的受试者中，由于颈动脉体的移除或颈动脉窦的切片，导致了静息时的中度通气不足（正常氧）和低氧驱动的主要减少。在出生前对胎儿的同一神经进行切片似乎不会影响出生时呼吸的开始或呼吸模式。“对新生儿的其他研究表明，化学和压力感受器功能在出生后（几天内）迅速成熟，如果它在出生时还不成熟。IG例如，在新生儿中，颈动脉窦神经的切片诱导休息时的通气不足和在用低氧吸入的空气激发时减少的低氧驱动，很像成人中的反应。因此，在成熟受试者和新生儿中颈动脉体/窦的作用之间没有重大差异。然而，在过去的几年里，包括我们自己在内的几个实验室的数据强烈地表明，这种概括可能是不正确的。这些受体可能在新生儿中起着比以前认识到的更重要的作用。在研究喉感受器和低氧如何影响喉刺激后的突破性呼吸期间，我们注意到颈动脉神经支配的仔猪具有异常的呼吸模式，伴有严重的呼吸暂停。为了系统地研究窦和/或主动脉神经传入阻滞作为出生后年龄的函数的影响，我们对去神经支配后的年轻和老年仔猪的呼吸和心血管功能进行了检查，并将其与对照组进行了比较。我们在这项工作中使用小猪，因为它们比其他物种有几个优势。其中包括：（1）
Peripheral chemoreceptor and baroreceptor afferents have been extensively studied in the past 2-3 decades, not only at the sensory level, but also in terms of their interaction with the brainstem and their overall role in regulating cardiovascular and respiratory f~ nctions.'-~ Although most of the studies have been performed in the adult human or anin~ al,~-'~ some have focused on these afferent systems in the fetus and in the newborn postnatally. l5-I7 Modest hypoventilation at rest (normoxia) and major diminution of the hypoxic drive have resulted from removal of the carotid bodies or from section of the carotid sinus in the mature subject. Sectioning of the same nerve in the fetus just before birth does not seem to affect the initiation of breathing or its pattern at the time of birth." Additional studies in the newborn have suggested that chemo-and baroreceptor function matures rapidly postnatally (in days), if it is not mature by birth. Ig In the newborn, sectioning of the carotid sinus nerve, for example, induces hypoventilation at rest and a diminished hypoxic drive upon challenge with hypoxic inspired air, much like the response in the adult. Hence, no major differences have been described between the role of the carotid body/sinus in the mature subject and in the newborn. In the past few years, however, data from several laboratories including our own have strongly suggested that this generalization may not be c~ rrect.'~-'~ These receptors may have a much more critical role to play in the newborn than has previously been appreciated. It was during an investigation of laryngeal receptors and how hypoxia influences breakthrough breathing subsequent to laryngeal stimulation that we noticed that carotiddenervated piglets have an abnormal breathing pattern with severe apneas. To examine systematically the effect of sinus and/or aortic nerve deafferentation as a function of age postnatally, we undertook examinations of the respiratory and cardiovascular function of young and older piglets after denervation and compared them to controls. We used piglets in this work since they have several advantages over other species. These include:(1) they