In vitro susceptibility to fungicides by invertebrate-pathogenic and saprobic fungi
In vitro susceptibility to fungicides by invertebrate-pathogenic and saprobic fungi
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无脊椎动物致病真菌和腐生真菌对杀菌剂的体外敏感性
作者：
C. Luz;Morel Cipriano Bastos Netto;L. Rocha
苯菌灵（1 mg/L）、多啶（50 mg/L）、代森锰锌（1 mg/L）、（100毫克/升），硫酸铜（200 mg/l）和噻菌灵（4 mg/l）在体外条件下对15种对昆虫和其它无脊椎动物致病的真菌分离株（布氏白僵菌、棒孢库蚊、杜丁顿氏菌、汤普森被毛孢菌、两种金龟子绿僵菌，Nomuraea rileyi，两种棒束孢属/拟青霉属，和昆虫孢子丝菌）和13个污染真菌分离株（5个曲霉属，枝孢霉，刺孢小克银汉霉，玫瑰镰刀菌，粘帚霉属，深黄被孢霉（Mortierella isabellina）、铅灰色毛霉（Mucor plumbeus）、少根根霉（Rhizopus arrhizus）和玫瑰色单端孢菌（Trichothecium roseum）。大多数致病性和污染性真菌对测试浓度的杀真菌剂具有明显的敏感性或耐药性模式。在添加杀菌剂的培养基上，致病性和污染性真菌的发展在测试的真菌和杀菌剂之间存在差异。硫酸铜、苯菌灵、多啶、噻菌灵<代森锰锌对病原真菌的抑制作用最小。噻菌灵、苯菌灵和多丁、代森锰锌和硫酸铜对污染物的抑制作用最强。噻菌灵是从含水量高、有机质丰富的基质中分离无脊椎动物病原真菌的最佳杀菌剂。结果强调了调整杀真菌剂及其浓度以选择性培养基用于分离特定目标真菌并同时选择可能的污染物的重要性。
The effect of five fungicides, benomyl (1 mg/l), dodine (50 mg/l), manzate (100 mg/l), cupric sulphate (200 mg/l) and thiabendazole (4 mg/l) was tested under in␣vitro conditions on development of 15 isolates of fungi pathogenic for insects and␣other invertebrates (Beauveria brongniartii, Culicinomyces clavisporus, Duddingtonia flagrans, Hirsutella thompsonii, two Metarhizium anisopliae, Nomuraea rileyi, two Isaria/Paecilomyces spp., and Sporothrix insectorum) and 13 isolates of contaminant fungi (five Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cunninghamella echinulata, Fusarium roseum, Gliocladium sp., Mortierella isabellina, Mucor plumbeus, Rhizopus arrhizus and Trichothecium roseum) originating mostly from tree-hole breeding sites of mosquitoes. Most pathogenic and contaminant fungi had clear patterns of susceptibility or resistance to tested concentration of the fungicide. Development of both pathogenic and contaminant fungi on fungicide-supplemented medium varied among fungi and fungicides tested. Minimal inhibition of pathogenic fungi was found for cupric sulphate, benomyl, dodine, thiabendazole < manzate. The highest inhibition of contaminants was obtained with thiabendazole > benomyl and dodine > manzate and cupric sulphate. Thiabendazole was the most appropriate fungicide to isolate fungi pathogenic to invertebrates from substrates with high water contents and rich in organic material. The results underline the importance of adapting both a fungicide and its concentration for a selective medium for isolating specific target fungi and while selecting against possible contaminants.