The repertoire of trace amine G-protein-coupled receptors:: large expansion in zebrafish
The repertoire of trace amine G-protein-coupled receptors:: large expansion in zebrafish
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.003
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Fredriksson, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gloriam, DEI;Bjarnadóttir, TK;Fredriksson, R
痕量胺，如酪胺、β-苯乙胺、色胺和章鱼胺，以痕量水平存在于神经系统中，并结合特定家族的G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR），但该系统的功能或起源尚不清楚。我们搜索了几种真核生物的基因组，寻找与哺乳动物痕量胺（TA）受体亚家族相似的受体。我们确定了18个新的受体在啮齿类动物中，是orthophosphate到以前已知的TA-受体。值得注意的是，我们在斑马鱼（Danio rerio）中发现了57种这种类型的受体（和40种假基因），而河豚（Takifugu rubripes）只有8种受体（和7种假基因）。我们映射47斑马鱼TA受体的染色体上使用辐射杂交面板和减数分裂映射。这些结果，以及斑马鱼受体之间的保守程度和系统发育关系表明，该家族通过几种不同的机制产生，包括四倍化，块复制和局部复制事件。有趣的是，这些脊椎动物TA受体没有显示出与果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中的无脊椎动物TA结合受体的密切进化关系，表明结合TA的能力在动物进化中至少进化了两次。我们共收集了100多个脊椎动物TA受体序列，我们的系统发育分析表明，几个TA受体进化迅速，具有显着的物种差异，脊椎动物TA受体的共同祖先出现之前，射线鳍和叶鳍鱼的分裂。TA受体的进化历史比大多数其他GPCR家族更复杂，在这里我们提出了一种机制，它们可能已经出现。(c)2004年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Trace amines, such as tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, and octopamine, are present in trace levels in nervous systems and bind a specific family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), but the function or origin of this system is not well understood. We searched the genomes of several eukaryotic species for receptors similar to the mammalian trace amine (TA) receptor subfamily. We identified 18 new receptors in rodents that are orthologous to the previously known TA-receptors. Remarkably, we found 57 receptors (and 40 pseudogenes) of this type in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), while fugu (Takifugu rubripes) had only eight receptors (and seven pseudogenes). We mapped 47 of the zebrafish TA-receptors on chromosomes using radiation hybrid panels and meiotic mapping. The results, together with the degree of conservation and phylogenetic relationships displayed among the zebrafish receptors suggest that the family arose through several different mechanisms involving tetraploidization, block duplications, and local duplication events. Interestingly, these vertebrate TA-receptors do not show a close evolutionary relationship to the invertebrate TA-binding receptors in fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster), indicating that the ability to bind TA have evolved at least twice in animal evolution. We collected in total over 100 vertebrate TA-receptor sequences, and our phylogenetic analysis shows that several TA-receptors have evolved rapidly with remarkable species variation and that the common ancestor of vertebrate TA-receptors arose before the split of the ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes. The evolutionary history of the TA-receptors is more complex than for most other GPCR families and here we suggest a mechanism by which they may have arisen. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.