To slide or stride: when should Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) toboggan?
To slide or stride: when should Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) toboggan?
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滑行或跨步：阿德利企鹅 (Pygoscelis adeliae) 何时应该平底雪橇？
DOI：
10.1139/z91-033
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Spairani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wilson;B. Culik;D. Adelung;N. Coria;H. Spairani
我们注意到是否阿德利企鹅（Pygoscelis adeliae），在雪地上旅行时，步行或雪橇根据梯度，雪摩擦，或雪渗透。步行和雪橇企鹅减少步幅和步频，从而速度，随着上坡坡度的增加，虽然雪橇鸟类旅行速度更快，腿部运动更少。企鹅滑雪橇的发生率随着企鹅与雪之间摩擦力的减小而增加。企鹅滑雪橇的百分比也与增加雪的渗透性高度正相关。在松软的雪地上行走的企鹅必须消耗额外的能量才能将脚拉过雪地，而雪橇鸟则不会下沉。可以预料，阿德利企鹅将利用最有利于能量的旅行方式，在几乎所有情况下，似乎都是雪橇。虽然雪橇似乎是精力更有效地比步行，摩擦羽毛在雪地上增加了摩擦系数。
We noted whether Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), when travelling over snow, walked or tobogganed according to gradient, snow friction, or snow penetrability. Both walking and tobogganing penguins reduced stride length and stride frequency, and thus speed, with increasing uphill gradient although tobogganing birds travelled faster and with fewer leg movements. The incidence of tobogganing increased with decreasing friction between penguin and snow. The percentage of penguins tobogganing was also highly positively correlated with increasing snow penetrability. Penguins walking on soft snow must expend additional energy to pull their feet through the snow, whereas tobogganing birds do not sink. It is to be expected that Adelie penguins would utilize the most energetically favourable form of travel which, under almost all conditions, appeared to be tobogganing. Although tobogganing appears to be energetically more efficient than walking, rubbing the feathers over snow increases the coefficient of fricti...