Control of early events in olfactory processing by adult neurogenesis
Control of early events in olfactory processing by adult neurogenesis
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DOI：
10.1093/chemse/bjm012
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lledo, Pierre-Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gheusi, Gilles;Lledo, Pierre-Marie
面对不断变化的需求，成熟的大脑需要灵活地控制行为。 It achieves this control through morphological and physiological changes at the level of molecules, spines, dendrites, and axons and through processes of adult neurogenesis, entire cells.成人前脑中新生成的细胞的功能成熟涉及突触活动之前神经递质受体的表达以及谷氨酸能输入之前的兴奋性γ-氨基丁酸（GABAergic）影响。用于整合到已经启动并运行的神经回路中的新细胞的产生产生了可能需要表观遗传调控的独特情况。然而，一旦成熟，新的神经元必须在更成熟的细胞中开辟出一个利基才能发挥作用。它们如何生存以及它们的用途是什么？最近的研究表明，成人神经发生会改变嗅球的各个层面，从单细胞到网络和系统层面。也有人提出，细胞更新可能特别有利于动态网络中新信息的处理。然而，阐明成体神经发生的功能意义必须等待新范式的发展，以消除新生成的神经元池，但保留先前存在的神经元。尽管如此，已经有相当多的相关证据表明，成人神经发生是一种可塑性机制，通过该机制可以在给定环境中优化大脑的性能。
The mature brain needs to have flexible control over behavior in the face of ever-changing needs. It achieves this control through morphological and physiological changes at the level of molecules, spines, dendrites, and axons and through processes of adult neurogenesis, entire cells. The functional maturation of newly generated cells in the adult forebrain involves the expression of neurotransmitter receptors before synaptic activity and excitatory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) influences prior to glutamatergic input. The production of new cells for incorporation into neural circuits that are already up and running gives rise to a unique situation that may require epigenetic regulation. However, once mature, new neurons must carve out a niche among more established cells to be useful. How do they survive and what are they used for? Recent studies have revealed that adult neurogenesis alters the olfactory bulb at all levels, from single cells to the network and system levels. It has also been suggested that cell turnover may be particularly beneficial for the processing of new information in dynamic networks. However, elucidating the functional meaning of adult neurogenesis must wait for the development of new paradigms to eliminate the pool of newly generated neurons but sparing the preexisting ones. Nevertheless, there is already considerable correlative evidence to indicate that adult neurogenesis is a plastic mechanism by which the performance of the brain can be optimized in a given environment.