A SOLAR CYCLE LOST IN 1793–1800: EARLY SUNSPOT OBSERVATIONS RESOLVE THE OLD MYSTERY
A SOLAR CYCLE LOST IN 1793–1800: EARLY SUNSPOT OBSERVATIONS RESOLVE THE OLD MYSTERY
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1793-1800 年太阳周期消失：早期太阳黑子观测解开了古老的谜团
DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/l154
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Kovaltsov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Usoskin;K. Mursula;R. Arlt;G. Kovaltsov
由于缺乏可靠的太阳黑子观测资料，18世纪后期的太阳黑子数序列质量较差，导致了道尔顿极小期之前异常长的太阳活动周（1784 - 1799）。利用18 - 19世纪世纪观测者Staudacher和汉密尔顿新发现的太阳图，我们构建了太阳蝴蝶图，即，太阳黑子的纬度分布1793 - 1796年太阳高纬度地区突然出现的系统性太阳黑子，清楚地表明1793年开始了一个新的周期，而这个周期在传统的沃尔夫太阳黑子系列中被丢失了。这最终证实了之前提出的丢失周期的存在，从而解决了一个古老的谜团。这封信提请科学界注意需要修订世纪的太阳黑子系列。一个新的短的，不对称的周期的存在意味着变化和限制太阳黑子周期统计，太阳活动预测，太阳发电机理论，以及太阳-地球的关系。
Because of the lack of reliable sunspot observations, the quality of the sunspot number series is poor in the late 18th century, leading to the abnormally long solar cycle (1784–1799) before the Dalton minimum. Using the newly recovered solar drawings by the 18–19th century observers Staudacher and Hamilton, we construct the solar butterfly diagram, i.e., the latitudinal distribution of sunspots in the 1790s. The sudden, systematic occurrence of sunspots at high solar latitudes in 1793–1796 unambiguously shows that a new cycle started in 1793, which was lost in the traditional Wolf sunspot series. This finally confirms the existence of the lost cycle that has been proposed earlier, thus resolving an old mystery. This Letter brings the attention of the scientific community to the need of revising the sunspot series in the 18th century. The presence of a new short, asymmetric cycle implies changes and constraints to sunspot cycle statistics, solar activity predictions, and solar dynamo theories, as well as for solar-terrestrial relations.