An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation
An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation
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DOI：
10.2166/h2oj.2021.112
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Charlie Ferguson;Adrian Mallory;P. Hutchings;Claire Remington;Erica Lloyd;Domenic Kiogora;Fiona Anciano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charlie Ferguson;Adrian Mallory;P. Hutchings;Claire Remington;Erica Lloyd;Domenic Kiogora;Fiona Anciano
集装箱式卫生设施越来越多地用于在低收入城市住区提供安全管理的卫生设施。然而，围绕扩大该技术的可行性仍然存在问题，部分原因是它依赖于CBS供应商定期清空和维修集装箱。本文探讨了这一过程可以有效地实现机制。三个独立的收集策略进行评估，其路由效率作为CBS去规模。一个开源的路线优化求解器确定了每种策略所需的组成驾驶和步行距离，并已在开普敦、海地角、利马和内罗毕等地区应用。结果表明，较少的用户（如50）中转站模型提供最短的驾驶路线。然而，这些都需要用户携带他们的集装箱（例如，当车站相距100米时，最长可达170米）。随着用户数量的增加（例如增加到5，000人），从社区停车场访问单个房屋提供了越来越有效的驾驶距离。然而，总体而言，结果表明，经济规模的CBS收集距离将在很大程度上取决于更大的车辆容量（而不是任何特定的供应策略）。这突出表明，在整个低收入城市住区，道路通道对于大规模提供可行的社区基础设施服务至关重要。
Container-based sanitation (CBS) is increasingly used to provide safely managed sanitation in low-income urban settlements. However, questions remain around the viability of scaling up the technology, partly because it relies on regular emptying and servicing of containers by a CBS provider. This paper investigates mechanisms by which this process can be achieved efficiently. Three separate collection strategies are evaluated for their routing efficiencies as CBS goes to scale. An open-source route optimisation solver determines the constituent driving and walking distances necessary for each strategy and has been applied in areas of Cape Town, Cap-Haïtien, Lima and Nairobi. The results indicate that with fewer users (e.g. 50) transfer station models offer the shortest driving routes. However, these do require users to carry their containers (e.g. up to 170 m when stations are 100 m apart). As the number of users increases (e.g. to 5,000), visiting individual houses from a neighbourhood depot offers increasingly efficient driving distances. Overall, however, the results suggest that economies in collection distances for scaled CBS will be largely conditional on greater vehicle capacity (rather than any particular provision strategy). This highlights the importance of road access throughout low-income urban settlements in providing a viable CBS service at scale.