How can groups communicate when they use different languages?
How can groups communicate when they use different languages?
复制标题
使用不同语言的群体如何进行交流？
DOI：
10.1145/45410.45413
复制
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Malone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jintae Lee;T. Malone
许多办公系统都基于各种类型的消息、表格或其他文档。当此类系统的用户需要与使用不同文档类型的人进行交流时，某种翻译是必要的。在本文中，我们探索了该翻译问题的一般解决方案的空间，并提出了几种具体的解决方案。在首先说明信息透镜电子消息系统中的问题之后，我们确定了任何翻译方案都应满足的两个部分冲突的目标：意义的保存和群体语言的自主进化。然后，我们根据群体语言和公共语言之间的集合论关系来划分该问题的可能解决方案的空间。这导致了四个主要解决方案类别，我们对每一个类别进行了说明和评估。最后，我们描述了一个组合方案，它结合了其他方案的许多最佳功能。尽管我们的示例主要涉及信息透镜系统的扩展，但分析还表明其他类型的办公系统如何利用文档类型的专业化层次结构来简化翻译问题。
基于计算机的办公系统经常使用各种类型的消息、表格和其他文档来传达信息。当所有希望相互交流的人都使用完全相同类型的文档时，就不会出现翻译问题。然而，当人们想要与使用不同类型文档的其他人进行交流时，某种翻译是必要的。随着越来越多不同种类的系统连接到异构网络中，对这种转换的需求似乎会变得越来越普遍。
我们特别关注在基于模板的通信系统中出现的这个问题的一个实例（例如[Malone et.al.87b]、[Tsichritzis 82]）。问题在于此类系统的用户如何与拥有不同模板集的其他用户进行通信。当不同文字处理系统的用户希望交换文档时，或者当不同的公司希望使用电子数据交换（EDI）标准来交换采购订单和发票等业务表格时，可能会出现该问题的其他示例。
在本文中，我们将探索该翻译问题的一般解决方案的空间，并提出解决该问题的几种具体方案。我们的主要目标是设计信息透镜系统的扩展（[Malone et. al. 87a]、[Malone et. al. 87b]），当（1）各组使用部分（但不是全部）相同类型的消息时，以及（2）每个组使用的消息类型可能随时间变化时，不同的组可以相互通信。
在本文的第一部分中，我们说明了信息透镜系统背景下出现的问题。在第二部分中，我们根据我们希望解决方案满足的目标更准确地陈述问题。在第 3 节中，我们通过建议划分空间的维度并检查每个类别的代表性解决方案来探索可能的解决方案空间。在第 4 节中，我们提出了一种新方案，该方案结合了我们探索的解决方案的大部分所需功能。最后，我们通过暗示这项研究可能对更一般的背景产生的影响来得出结论。
Many office systems are based on various types of messages, forms, or other documents. When users of such systems need to communicate with people who use different document types, some kind of translation is necessary. In this paper, we explore the space of general solutions to this translation problem and propose several specific solutions to it. After first illustrating the problem in the Information Lens electronic messaging system, we identify two partly conflicting objectives that any translation scheme should satisfy: preservation of meaning and autonomous evolution of group languages. Then we partition the space of possible solutions to this problem in terms of the set theoretic relations between group languages and a common language. This leads to four primary solution classes and we illustrate and evaluate each one. Finally, we describe a composite scheme that combines many of the best features of the other schemes. Even though our examples deal primarily with extensions to the Information Lens system, the analysis also suggests how other kinds of office systems might exploit specialization hierarchies of document types to simplify the translation problem.
Computer-based office systems often use various types of messages, forms, and other documents to communicate information. When all the people who wish to communicate with each other use exactly the same types of documents, translation problems do not arise. However, when people want to communicate with others who use different kinds of documents, some kind of translation is necessary. The needs for such translation seem likely to become increasingly common as more and more diverse kinds of systems are linked into heterogeneous networks.
We have been particularly concerned with one instance of this problem that arises in the context of template-based communication systems (e.g. [Malone et.al.87b], [Tsichritzis 82]). The problem is how users of such systems can communicate with other users who have a different set of templates. Other examples of the problem may arise when users of different word processing systems wish to exchange documents, or when different companies wish to use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards to exchange business forms such as purchase orders and invoices.
In this paper, we will explore the space of general solutions to this translation problem and propose several specific schemes for solving it. Our primary goal has been to design extensions to the Information Lens system ([Malone et. al. 87a], [Malone et. al. 87b]) that allow different groups to communicate with each other when (1) the groups use some, but not all, of the same types of messages, and (2) the message types used by each group may change over time.
In the first section of the paper, we illustrate the problem as it arises in the context of the Information Lens system. In the second section, we state the problem more precisely in terms of the objectives that we want its solution to satisfy. In Section 3, we explore the space of possible solutions by suggesting a dimension along which to partition the space and examining a representative solution for each class. In Section 4, we propose a new scheme that combines most of the desirable features of the solutions we explored. Finally, we conclude by hinting at the implications that this research might have for more general contexts.