THE ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF DORSAL SPINE VARIATION IN THE FOURSPINE STICKLEBACK, APELTES-QUADRACUS .4. PHENOTYPIC COVARIATION WITH CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES
THE ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF DORSAL SPINE VARIATION IN THE FOURSPINE STICKLEBACK, APELTES-QUADRACUS .4. PHENOTYPIC COVARIATION WITH CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1038/hdy.1984.95
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
HAGEN, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLOUW, DM;HAGEN, DW
四刺刺鱼（A.quadracus）和九刺刺鱼（Pungitius pungitius）具有相似的生态，它们经常共存，并且它们的背刺数量具有平行的多态性。加拿大东部 86 个地点的脊柱数量呈正相关。每个物种内的背刺长度与刺数量呈正相关，并且它们之间的刺长度也呈正相关。这两个物种的脊柱长度也与掠食性鱼类的存在呈正相关，与植被覆盖呈负相关。当 Apeltes 和 Pungitius 与一种新的刺鱼 (Gasterosteus sp.) 共存时，它们的脊柱数量较少，而这种新物种只在捕食风险较低的环境中发现。这些物种内部和物种之间的共变模式是自然选择的证据，它们表明捕食者是有利于高刺形态的选择剂。这些结果的讨论是基于以下观点：蓬吉蒂乌斯的地理变化反映了更新世时期孤立和分化的历史过程。
The fourspine stickleback (A. quadracus) and ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) have similar ecologies, they often coexist, and they share parallel polymorphisms for the number of dorsal spines. Spine number is positively correlated between them for 86 sites in eastern Canada. Dorsal spine length is positively correlated with spine number within each species, and spine length is positively correlated between them. Spine length for both species is also positively correlated with the presence of predatory fishes and negatively correlated with vegetation cover. Spine number for both Apeltes and Pungitius is lower where they coexist with a new species of stickleback (Gasterosteus sp.) which is found only in environments where predation risk is low. These patterns of covariation within and between species are evidence for natural selection, and they suggest that predators are a selective agent favoring the higher-spined morphs. These results are discussed with respect to the idea that geographic variation in Pungitius reflects historical processes of isolation and differentiation during the Pleistocene era.