Development of a New Energy-Saving Pipe-Framed Greenhouse
Development of a New Energy-Saving Pipe-Framed Greenhouse
复制标题
新型节能管架温室的研制
DOI：
10.6090/jarq.49.235
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
H. Kawashima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Kawashima
我们总结了温室节能的基本技术，并讨论了一种新的节能管架式温室的开发，类似于日本大多数小规模农场使用的类型。为提高管式温室的隔热性能，安装了多层隔热帷幕。实验结果表明，多层热幕温室(M-house)的采暖负荷和取暖油耗均比常规热幕对照温室(C-house)低约40%。此外，配备水蓄热的M-house也减少了约60%的取暖油消耗，白天储存太阳能，晚上向温室释放热量。这种多层保温幕墙有望被公认为现有最有效的节能材料，并有望立即在全国范围内广泛应用。对管棚结构加固进行了另一次试验。在日本，管架式温室通常是用单拱管建造的，最近由于强风而倒塌的温室有所增加。相应地，还开发了加固管式温室结构的技术。学科：园艺附加关键词：热负荷、热传导、多层热幕*通讯作者：2014年3月31日收到电子邮件hirokik@affrc.go.jp；2014年12月24日受理。在日本，用于设施园艺的温室面积约为5万公顷，约40%配备了供暖系统，90%以上依赖化石燃料。在日本，受保护的园艺占用于农业、林业和渔业的化石燃料产生的所有二氧化碳排放的45%(约6.11亿吨)(Hayashi 2008)。大多数化石燃料用于设施园艺取暖油，从1990年到2005年，用于这一目的的燃料量增加了约2.2倍。能源成本也一直在稳步上升，这已成为影响农场管理的重要因素。因此，发展设施园艺节能技术已成为必要。在日本，大约80%的温室是高隧道和高隧道状的温室；这些温室被称为管架式温室，其中的框架是用钢管建造的。高隧道的侧壁不像有箍的房子那样是圆形的，没有电力服务、自动通风或供暖系统(Lambert 2009)。本文重点介绍了日本管架式温室的供暖系统和其他环境控制设备。温室的基本节能技术分为三类：1)减少采暖负荷，2)引入高效供暖系统，3)温度管理，即夜间变温控制、局部空气加热、耐低温品种的使用等(Hayashi 2008)。这些技术通常是组合使用的。温室的关键节能技术包括通过安装固定或可移动的覆盖物、充气覆盖物等来减少供暖负荷或损失(Naito 1981)。一夜之间，温室的热量损失是由于通过覆盖物和结构的整体热传递造成的。它也是由空气渗透和内部空气对土壤的热通量造成的，尽管在某些情况下情况相反。在温室的总热损失中，热传递占很大一部分，其次是空气的热传递。
We summarize the basic techniques used to save energy in a greenhouse and discuss the development of a new energy-saving pipe-framed greenhouse, similar to the type used on most small-scale farms in Japan. To enhance the thermal insulation performance of a pipe-framed greenhouse, a multi-layered thermal curtain was installed. As a result of our experiments, both the heating load and the heating oil consumption in the greenhouse with a multi-layered thermal curtain (M-house) were approximately 40% lower than those in the control greenhouse with a conventional thermal cover (C-house). Furthermore, the heating oil consumption was also reduced by approximately 60% in the M-house equipped with water heat storage, which stored solar energy in daytime and released heat to the greenhouse at night. This multi-layered thermal curtain is expected to gain recognition as the most effective energysaving material available and immediate widespread use nationwide is expected. Another experiment was performed concerning the structural reinforcement of pipe-framed greenhouses. Pipe-framed greenhouses are usually constructed with single-arch pipes in Japan and there has been a recent increase in greenhouses collapsing due to strong winds. Accordingly, techniques to reinforce the structure of pipe-framed greenhouses were also developed. Discipline: Horticulture Additional key words: heating load, heat transmission, multi-layered thermal curtain *Corresponding author: e-mail hirokik@affrc.go.jp Received 31 March 2014; accepted 24 December 2014. Introduction In Japan, greenhouses used for protected horticulture take up an area of approximately 50,000 ha, about 40% are equipped with a heating system and more than 90% depend on fossil fuel. In Japan, protected horticulture is responsible for 45% of all carbon dioxide emissions (about 611 million tons) derived from fossil fuels used for agriculture, forestry and fisheries (Hayashi 2008). Most fossil fuels are used in protected horticulture for heating oil and the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose increased about 2.2 times from 1990 to 2005. Energy costs have also been steadily increasing, which has become an important factor influencing the management of farms. Accordingly, it has become necessary to develop energy-saving techniques for protected horticulture. In Japan, approximately 80% of all greenhouses are high-tunnel and high tunnel-like greenhouses; these are referred to as pipe-framed greenhouses, where the frames are constructed from steel pipes. The high tunnel, where sidewalls are not round like a hooped house, has no electrical service, automated ventilation or heating system (Lambert 2009). This review focuses on pipe-framed greenhouses in Japan with a heating system and other environmental control equipment. Basic energy-saving techniques for greenhouses have been classified into three groups: 1) reducing heating load, 2) introducing a high-efficiency heating system and 3) temperature management, namely, varying night temperature control, local air heating, the usage of cultivars for low-temperature tolerance and so on (Hayashi 2008). These techniques are usually used in combination. The key energy-saving technique in greenhouses involves reducing heating load or loss by installing a fixed or movable covering, an air-inflated covering, etc. (Naito 1981). Overnight, heat loss from greenhouses occurs due to overall heat transmission through coverings and structures. It is also caused by air infiltration and heat flux of the inside-air to the soil, although this is reversed in some cases. Heat transmission accounts for a large part of the total heat loss from a greenhouse, followed by heat transfer due to air