Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops
Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0307937101
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发表时间：
2004-06-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Arús, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dirlewanger, E;Graziano, E;Arús, P
利用可转移标记、限制性片段长度多态性和微卫星建立饱和连锁图谱，为果树遗传育种奠定了基础。一个包含562个标记的李树参考图谱已经建立，并且利用这些标记子集构建了13个李树参考图谱，可以对7个李树二倍体（x = 8）种（杏仁、桃、杏、樱桃、费根李、大卫李和樱桃）进行基因组比较。标记共线性是它们的规律。apple和Prunus图谱的初步比较结果表明，这两个属具有高度的同源性。李和拟南芥之间也发现了保守的基因组区域。利用与李树参考图谱锚定的不同连锁图谱的数据，可以在一个总图中确定影响不同物种农艺性状的28个主要基因的位置。与重要性状（抗病虫害、果实/坚果品质、自交不亲和等）表达密切相关的标记已在苹果和李树中开发出来，目前在育种计划中用于标记辅助选择。利用连锁图谱和候选基因方法进行定量性状解剖已经开始。为了更好地了解蔷薇科果树基因组，促进果树遗传学的进一步研究和应用，需要利用诸如李树物理图谱、李树和苹果的大量EST集合以及建立大量EST的图谱位置等基因组工具。
The development of saturated linkage maps using transferable markers, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and microsatellites has provided a foundation for fruit tree genetics and breeding. A Prunus reference map with 562 such markers is available, and a further set of 13 maps constructed with a subset of these markers has allowed genome comparison among seven Prunus diploid (x = 8) species (almond, peach, apricot, cherry, Prunus ferganensis, Prunus davidiana, and Prunus cerasifera); marker colinearity was the rule with all of them. Preliminary results of the comparison between apple and Prunus maps suggest a high level of synteny between these two genera. Conserved genomic regions have also been detected between Prunus and Arabidopsis. By using the data from different linkage maps anchored with the reference Prunus map, it has been possible to establish, in a general map, the position of 28 major genes affecting agronomic characters found in different species. Markers tightly linked to the major genes responsible for the expression of important traits (disease/ pest resistances, fruit/nut quality, self-incompatibility, etc.) have been developed in apple and Prunus and are currently in use for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. Quantitative character dissection using linkage maps and candidate gene approaches has already started. Genomic tools such as the Prunus physical map, large EST collections in both Prunus and Malus, and the establishment of the map position of high numbers of ESTs are required for a better understanding of the Rosaceae genome and to foster additional research and applications on fruit tree genetics.