3D Photogrammetry Reveals Dynamics of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Lesion Progression Across a Thermal Stress Event
3D Photogrammetry Reveals Dynamics of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Lesion Progression Across a Thermal Stress Event
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2020.597643
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发表时间：
2020-12-22
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Brandt, Marilyn E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meiling, Sonora;Muller, Erinn M.;Brandt, Marilyn E.
2019年1月，在美属维尔京群岛的圣托马斯岛附近的平礁上首次观察到石珊瑚组织丧失病（SCYP）。出现一年后，这种疾病蔓延到圣托马斯周围的几个珊瑚礁，造成珊瑚总覆盖率大幅下降。组织损失率是珊瑚疾病生态学研究中的一个重要指标，因为它们可以为病原学的许多方面提供信息，例如物种之间的疾病易感性和抵抗力，并为异质珊瑚礁群落中疾病影响的建模提供关键参数。本研究量化了六种丰富的造礁物种（Colpophyllia natans，Montastraea cavernosa，Diplona caverniformis，Pseudodiploria strigosa，Orbicella annularis和Porites astreoides）中归因于SClavirus的组织损失率。大约每周拍摄的患病珊瑚的基于现场的3D模型表明，随着时间的推移，由SCERONS引起的组织损失的绝对速率减慢，这与导致大规模漂白的热应力的积累相对应。绝对组织损失率在漂白事件之前的物种之间是相当的，但在漂白事件期间和之后仍然不同。比例组织损失率没有变化的物种或通过时间，但有相当大的变异M。海绵群落。由于其长期持续存在，各种易受影响的珊瑚物种以及前所未有的组织损失率，珊瑚礁对整个加勒比地区的珊瑚礁构成了重大威胁。在热应激事件期间和之后应立即加强干预和管理工作，以便在疾病流行率下降时最大限度地分配资源。
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first observed in the United States Virgin Islands in January 2019 on a reef at Flat Cay off the island of St. Thomas. A year after its emergence, the disease had spread to several reefs around St. Thomas causing significant declines in overall coral cover. Rates of tissue loss are an important metric in the study of coral disease ecology, as they can inform many aspects of etiology such as disease susceptibility and resistance among species, and provide critical parameters for modeling the effects of disease among heterogenous reef communities. The present study quantified tissue loss rates attributed to SCTLD among six abundant reef building species (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Diplona labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Orbicella annularis, and Porites astreoides). Field-based 3D models of diseased corals, taken approximately weekly, indicated that the absolute rates of tissue loss from SCTLD slowed through time, corresponding with the accumulation of thermal stress that led to mass bleaching. Absolute tissue loss rates were comparable among species prior to the bleaching event but diverged during and remained different after the bleaching event. Proportional tissue loss rates did not vary among species or through time, but there was considerable variability among M. cavernosa colonies. SCTLD poses a significant threat to reefs across the Caribbean due to its persistence through time, wide range of susceptible coral species, and unprecedented tissue loss rates. Intervention and management efforts should be increased during and immediately following thermal stress events in order maximize resource distribution when disease prevalence is decreased.