The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig.
The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig.
复制标题
猪窦房结细胞的分布及其神经支配。
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24998
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pauza,DainiusH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Inokaitis,Hermanas;Pauziene,Neringa;Pauza,DainiusH
窦房结（SAN）一直是各种研究的目标。在实验神经心脏病学中，真实的挑战是选择最合适的动物模型。猪由于其体型和生理特征而被常规使用。尽管如此，猪SAN的解剖结构和神经支配尚未完全研究。本研究分析了SAN细胞及其神经支配在猪右心房整体标本和横截面中的分布。本研究揭示了猪和其他动物在SAN细胞分布和神经支配方式上的差异。猪窦房结肌细胞分布于前腔静脉根部周围。与其他右心房区域相比，该区域的神经纤维（NF）网密度为4倍，包含肾上腺素能（TH阳性）、胆碱能（ChAT阳性）、氮能（nNOS阳性）和潜在感觉（SP阳性）NF。SAN区包含98 ± 10个神经节，每个神经节涉及21 ± 2个神经元胞体。确定的神经节细胞的化学表型表明其多样性，在猪SAN区域，有确定的神经元胞体阳性的ChAT，nNOS，TH，同时为ChAT/nNOS和ChAT/TH。小的强荧光细胞也很丰富。SAN细胞的广泛分布、化学多样性和SAN区域中神经成分的高密度与人相当，因此，猪可被认为是实验心脏病学的适当动物模型。
The sinoatrial node (SAN) has been the object of interest of various studies. In experimental neurocardiology, the real challenge is the choice of the most appropriate animal model. Pig is routinely used animal due to its size and physiological features. Despite this, the anatomy and innervation of the pig SAN are not completely examined. This study analyses the distribution of SAN cells and their innervation in whole‐mount preparations and the cross‐sections of the pig right atrium. Our findings revealed the differences in the distribution of the SAN cells and their innervation pattern between pigs and other animals. The pig SAN myocytes were distributed around the root of the anterior vena cava. A meshwork of nerve fibers (NFs) in this area was four‐fold denser compared to other right atrial areas and contained the adrenergic (positive for TH), cholinergic (positive for ChAT), nitrergic (positive for nNOS), and potentially sensory (positive for SP) NFs. The SAN area contained 98 ± 10 ganglia that involved 21 ± 2 neuronal somata per ganglion. The determined chemical phenotypes of ganglionic cells demonstrate their diversity in the pig SAN area as there were identified neuronal somata positive for ChAT, nNOS, TH, and simultaneously for ChAT/nNOS and ChAT/TH. Small intensively fluorescent cells were also abundant. The broad distribution of SAN cells, the chemical diversity, and the high density of neural components in the SAN area are comparable to the human one and, therefore, the pig may be considered as the appropriate animal model for experimental cardiology.