Widespread dispersal of Icelandic tephra: how does the Eyjafjoll eruption of 2010 compare to past Icelandic events?
Widespread dispersal of Icelandic tephra: how does the Eyjafjoll eruption of 2010 compare to past Icelandic events?
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DOI：
10.1002/jqs.1421
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Thordarson, Thor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, Siwan M.;Larsen, Gudrun;Thordarson, Thor
2010年埃亚峡湾火山爆发是一个非同寻常的事件，因为它导致了欧洲航空旅行的广泛和前所未有的中断，该地区通常被认为没有火山爆发的危险。火山爆发后，卫星图像显示火山灰通过欧洲大陆的西风迅速传播，最终扩展到北大西洋和加拿大东海岸的大片地区。这种小型到中型规模的喷发和观察到的分散模式在冰岛的喷发中并不特别罕见。事实上，与欧洲大陆沉积档案中沉积了隐火山灰的20次最大规模的火山爆发相比，埃亚峡湾火山爆发是一次相对温和的火山爆发，例如新仙女木火山灰中期和全新世中期的Hekla 4火山灰。然而，2010年的火山爆发突出了天气模式在相对少量的火山灰分布中发挥的关键作用，也突出了火山灰在大气中空间复杂的扩散轨迹。在欧洲代理档案中保存的埃亚菲约尔2010年火山喷发点是否与大气中广泛分布的地图相对应，还有待观察。2010年埃亚峡湾事件突出了我们对自然灾害的脆弱性，而不是事件无与伦比的爆炸性。版权所有（C）2010约翰威利父子有限公司
The Eyjafjoll AD 2010 eruption is an extraordinary event in that it led to widespread and unprecedented disruption to air travel over Europe a region generally considered to be free from the hazards associated with volcanic eruptions. Following the onset of the eruption, satellite imagery demonstrated the rapid transportation of ash by westerly winds over mainland Europe, eventually expanding to large swathes of the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern seaboard of Canada. This small-to-intermediate size eruption and the dispersal pattern observed are not particularly unusual for Icelandic eruptions within a longer-term perspective. Indeed, the Eyjafjoll eruption is a relatively modest eruption in comparison to some of the 20 most voluminous eruptions that have deposited cryptotephra in sedimentary archives in mainland Europe, such as the mid Younger Dryas Vedde Ash and the mid Holocene Hekla 4 tephra. The 2010 eruption, however, highlights the critical role that weather patterns play in the distribution of a relatively small amount of ash and also highlights the spatially complex dispersal trajectories of tephra in the atmosphere. Whether or not the preservation of the Eyjafjoll 2010 tephra in European proxy archives will correspond to the extensive distributions mapped in the atmosphere remains to be seen. The Eyjafjoll 2010 event highlights our increased vulnerability to natural hazards rather than the unparalleled explosivity of the event. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.