A marker-and-cell method for large-scale flow-based topology optimization on GPU

A marker-and-cell method for large-scale flow-based topology optimization on GPU
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GPU 上大规模基于流的拓扑优化的标记和单元方法

DOI:
10.1007/s00158-022-03214-z
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Zhu, Bo
Zhu, Bo
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu, Jinyuan;Xian, Zangyueyang;Zhou, Yuqing;Nomura, Tsuyoshi;Dede, Ercan M.;Zhu, Bo

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本文的重点是提出一种新的计算方法,解决大规模的基于流的拓扑优化问题,使用图形处理单元(GPU)。首先采用标记单元法离散流体流动设计域。其次是有限差分法求解Stokes方程的稳态不可压缩流体流动。然后采用伴随方法进行优化的设计灵敏度分析。我们使用广义最小残差方法作为线性系统的基本求解器,并在GPU上以无矩阵的形式开发了一个高效的几何多重网格预处理器。我们简化了处理不同的边界条件,提高了精度的基础上的离散外部微积分理论。利用不同的分辨率的数值结果,并突出了近线性的计算时间的可扩展性。因此,复杂的分支流结构可以以高分辨率自动且有效地发现。我们的方法能够解决不确定的问题(即,斯托克斯方程的一个正解),在两分钟内使用单个台式计算机在三维(3D)中具有超过700万个元素,在二维(2D)中具有超过1600万个元素。此外,本文中报告的所有数值实验都是在单个NVIDIA Quadro RTX 8000图形卡上进行的。随后,我们将使用新提出的方法获得的优化流动结构与商业有限元软件在已建立的优化循环中获得的优化流动结构进行比较,并发现两种方法的优化结构具有良好的一致性。为了突出GPU加速的优势,与商业有限元软件进行了定量的运行时比较研究。我们的实现被证明是解决流体流动问题的数量级更高的分辨率只使用一小部分的计算时间。
The focus of this paper is to propose a novel computational approach for the solution of large-scale flow-based topology optimization problems using a graphics processing unit (GPU). A marker-and-cell method is first used to discretize a fluid flow design domain. This is followed by a finite difference method to solve the Stokes equations for steady-state incompressible fluid flow. An adjoint method is then employed to conduct design sensitivity analysis for the optimization. We use a generalized minimal residual method as the base solver for the linear system and develop an efficient geometric multigrid preconditioner on GPU in a matrix-free form. We simplify the treatment of different boundary conditions with improved accuracy based on the theory of discrete exterior calculus. Numerical results utilizing different resolutions are presented and highlight a nearly linear computational time scalability. Consequently, intricate branching flow structures may be automatically and efficiently discovered at high resolutions. Our approach is capable of solving indefinite problems (i.e., one forward solution of the Stokes equations) with over 7 million elements in three dimensions (3D) and over 16 million elements in two dimensions (2D) within two minutes using a single desktop computer. Furthermore, all numerical experiments reported in this paper are performed on a single NVIDIA Quadro RTX 8000 graphics card. We subsequently compare the optimized flow structures obtained using the newly proposed method with those obtained by commercial finite element software in an established optimization loop and find the optimized structures from both methods to be in good agreement. To highlight the advantage of GPU acceleration, a quantitative run-time comparison study with the commercial finite element software is performed. Our implementation is shown to solve fluid flow problems with orders of magnitude higher resolution using only a fraction of the computational time.
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