Compartmentalization within the common mucosal immune system.
Compartmentalization within the common mucosal immune system.
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共同粘膜免疫系统内的区室化。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-1941-6_17
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mestecky,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moldoveanu,Z;Russell,MW;Wu,HY;Huang,WQ;Compans,RW;Mestecky,J
人和动物的粘膜组织和外分泌腺显示出产生IgA的浆细胞的显著优势1，动物实验证明，这些浆细胞来自有组织的肠道和支气管相关淋巴组织(GalT；Balt)中的前体细胞。2尽管GalT普遍被占据，但一些研究人员认为来自其他来源的细胞可能有助于IgA前体的池。3-6手术切除所有可见的GalT或胸导管引流在实验动物中导致肠道固有层浆细胞仅减少50%，这意味着替代来源对IgA前体细胞池有显著贡献。GALT、BALT和其他来源(腹膜、扁桃体和直肠淋巴滤泡)可能优先向受限的(经常邻近的)粘膜区域供应IgA承诺的、抗原敏感的细胞。7-10这种可能性有相当大的实际影响：吸入或鼻腔免疫可能优先刺激上呼吸道和消化道的免疫反应，而不是生殖器或下肠道分泌物，而摄取抗原或直肠免疫将优先刺激相应区域的反应，而较少刺激例如鼻分泌物或泪液。虽然粘膜免疫诱导唾液、泪液和牛奶中的抗体表明，不同的诱导部位在将分泌IgA的细胞接种到不同的效应部位的能力上存在重叠，但共同粘膜免疫系统(CMIS)的划分程度尚不清楚。由于许多病原体对某些粘膜部位表现出不同的趋向性，利用CMIS内的分区将免疫反应定向到可以有效对抗感染的特定部位不仅是有效的，而且可以避免在其他地方产生不良影响，这些信息可能对疫苗和适当的免疫路线的设计有价值。
The mucosal tissues and external secretory glands of humans and animals reveal a remarkable preponderance of IgA-producing plasma cells1which, as demonstrated in animal experiments, are derived from precursors in the organized gut- and bronchus- associated lymphoid tissues (GALT; BALT).2Despite the general pre-occupation with GALT, several investigators have considered that cells from other sources may contribute to the pool of IgA precursors.3–6Surgical removal of all visible GALT or thoracic duct drainage in experimental animals results in only a 50% decrease in the intestinal lamina propria plasma cells, implying that alternative sources contribute significantly to the pool of IgA precursor cells. It is plausible that GALT, BALT, and other sources (peritoneum, tonsils, and rectal lymphoid follicles) may preferentially supply IgA-committed, antigen-sensitized cells to restricted (frequently adjacent) mucosal regions.7–10This possibility has considerable practical impact: inhalation or intranasal immunization might stimulate immune responses preferentially in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts rather than in the genital or lower intestinal secretions, whereas ingestion of antigens or rectal immunization would stimulate responses preferentially in corresponding areas and less, for example, in nasal secretions or tears. Although the induction of antibodies in saliva, tears, and milk by mucosal immunization indicates that different inductive sites overlap in their ability to seed IgA-secreting cells to various effector sites, the extent to which the common mucosal immune system (CMIS) is compartmentalized is not clear. As many pathogens display distinct tropism for certain mucosal sites, exploitation of compartmentalization within the CMIS to direct a immune response to a particular site where the infection can be effectively countered would not only be efficient, but also might avoid undesirable effects elsewhere, and this information may be valuable in the design of vaccines and appropriate immunization routes.