Symposium on 'molecular mechanisms and psychology of food intake' - The psychology of food craving
Symposium on 'molecular mechanisms and psychology of food intake' - The psychology of food craving
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665107005502
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Hill, Andrew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill, Andrew J.
渴望是对食物的享乐反应，以其强度和特异性为特征。据大多数年轻人报告，对食物的渴望非常普遍。它们与喜好密切相关，但与增加摄入量无关。结构化访谈和对食物渴望的预期事件描述成功地揭示了关于他们的性格，他们的前因和后果的丰富信息。此外，实验室调查正在增加从实地和临床研究中了解到的情况。以节食为例，假设节食对食物渴望有影响，横截面研究的结果是混合的，没有说服力。前瞻性和实验性研究显示了更清晰的关系。节食或节制饮食通常会增加对食物的渴望，而禁食则会减少对食物的渴望。试图限制或剥夺某种食物与对无法获得的食物的渴望增加有关。这种关系表明了各种潜在的认知，条件反射和情绪过程，其中讽刺的认知过程，条件线索反应和烦躁情绪是突出的。对食物的渴望也可能是自我归因，解释了为什么一种高度可口但自我限制的食物会被（过度）消费。总的来说，由特定的营养需求引起的渴望的流行解释不得不让位于对人类饮食行为的更微妙和复杂的理解。
Cravings are hedonic responses to food, characterised by their intensity and their specificity. Food cravings are extremely common, reported by the majority of young adults. They are closely associated with liking but not synonymous with increased intake. Structured interviews and prospective incident accounts of food cravings have succeeded in revealing a richness of information about their character, their antecedents and their consequences. In addition, laboratory investigations are adding to what is being learned from field and clinical studies. Taking dieting as an example of an assumed influence on food craving, the outcomes of cross-sectional studies are mixed and unconvincing. Prospective and experimental research shows a clearer relationship. Dieting or restrained eating generally increase the likelihood of food craving while fasting makes craving, like hunger, diminish. Attempted restriction or deprivation of a particular food is associated with an increase in craving for the unavailable food. This relationship suggests a variety of underlying cognitive, conditioning and emotional processes, of which ironic cognitive processes, conditioned cue reactivity and dysphoric mood are prominent. Food cravings may also be self-attributions, accounting for why a highlypalatable but self-restricted food is (over-)consumed. Overall, the popularised account of cravings as elicited by specific nutritional need is having to give way to a more subtle and complex appreciation of human eating behaviour.