SPATIAL MISMATCH OF THE POOR: AN EXPLANATION OF RECENT DECLINES IN JOB ISOLATION
SPATIAL MISMATCH OF THE POOR: AN EXPLANATION OF RECENT DECLINES IN JOB ISOLATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9906.2009.00455.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Covington, Kenya L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Covington, Kenya L.
尽管进行了多年的空间失配假说研究，但穷人获得工作的机会仍不清楚。本文详细分析了 20 世纪 90 年代美国大都市地区贫困家庭和非贫困家庭的居住地点与就业分布不平衡的情况。描述性和多变量证据表明穷人的就业机会在 20 世纪 90 年代是否有所改善。如果是这样，是什么因素推动了这种改善，它们是否有助于解释穷人和非穷人之间的就业机会差异？该分析利用美国人口普查、经济普查和邮政编码商业模式文件中的数据，揭示了 20 世纪 90 年代大都市因素的变化如何解释穷人和非穷人之间的就业差距。具体而言，确定了增加或加剧平等的因素。结果表明，十年来穷人的就业机会显着改善，尤其是黑人穷人。对工作隔离的分解表明，大都市范围内动态因素的变化，例如工作蔓延和住房负担能力的变化，总体上阻碍了穷人和非穷人获得工作机会的平等。
Despite years of spatial mismatch hypothesis research, the poor's access to jobs is not well understood. This article provides a detailed analysis of the distributional imbalance between the residential locations of poor and nonpoor families and jobs over the 1990s in U.S. metropolitan areas. Descriptive and multivariate evidence are presented addressing whether job access for the poor has improved over the 1990s. If so, what factors drove the improvement, and do they help explain the disparity in job access between the poor and nonpoor ? Using data from the U.S. Census, the Economic Census and the Zip Code Business Pattern files, the analysis reveals how the change in metropolitan factors over the 1990s explains the gap in job access between the poor and nonpoor. Specifically, the factors which increase parity or exacerbate it are identified. Results indicate that job access for the poor has improved significantly, particularly for black poor over the decade. A decomposition of job isolation indicates that change in dynamic metropolitan-wide factors such as job sprawl and the variation of housing affordability overall impedes movement toward parity in access to jobs between the poor and nonpoor.