Measurement of soil characteristics for forensic applications
Measurement of soil characteristics for forensic applications
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DOI：
10.1002/sia.3315
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hillier, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawson, Lorna A.;Hillier, Stephen
土壤可能构成将人或物体与特定地点联系起来的证据。土壤的价值源于它的普遍性和可转移性。由于土壤的复杂性，其无机和有机成分的分析可以提供互补和独立类型的信息，其地质起源，主要植被，管理和环境。我们提出了一系列土壤表征方法的概述，包括化学分析，矿物学和孢粉学，沿着新的方法，如DNA分析和其他数字数据的分析，如从X射线粉末衍射，红外光谱和有机标志物分析获得的分析技术具有不同的分辨率和相关性的尺度取决于刑事案件的性质和上下文。每种方法都有其优点和缺点。随着越来越多的方法变得数字化和定量化，它们作为数字剖面的组合使用将有助于更准确地在不同尺度上对土壤进行分析。这些新的方法可以使用现有的土壤数据库进行测试，数据库的开发和使用将有助于改进和缩小警方情报中被质疑样本的可能来源，并为证据提供越来越强大的样本比较。版权所有（C）2010约翰威利父子有限公司
Soils may constitute evidence that connects a person or object to a particular location. The value of soil stems from its ubiquity and transferability to objects or persons. Due to the complexity of soil, the analysis of its inorganic and organic components can provide complementary and independent types of information about its geological origin, dominant vegetation, management and environment. We present an overview of a range of soil characterisation methods including chemical analysis, mineralogy and palynology, along with new approaches such as DNA profiling and profiling of other digital data such as that obtained from X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and organic marker analysis.Individual analytical techniques have different scales of resolution and relevance depending on the nature of the criminal case and context. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. As more methods have become digital and quantitative, their use in combination as digital profiles will help to characterise soils more accurately and at different scales. These new approaches can be tested using existing soil databases, and database development and use will help to refine and narrow probable origin of a questioned sample in police intelligence, as well as giving increasingly robust sample comparisons for evidence. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.