Fear and pain slow the brain.
Fear and pain slow the brain.
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DOI：
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003099
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发表时间：
2023-10
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Ali Mazaheri;Andrew J. Furman;D. A. Seminowicz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ali Mazaheri;Andrew J. Furman;D. A. Seminowicz
使用诸如EEG/MEG的技术在头皮处非侵入性地检测到的神经生理信号包含在不同频带处发生的节律（振荡活动）。健康人的主要节律发生在8至14 Hz的带宽之间，通常称为α节律。功率最大的α频带内的频率称为峰值α频率（PAF）或个体α频率。峰值α频率在个体之间变化很大，9，14并且这种可变性被认为在感知能力和感觉信息的时间绑定的个体差异中起作用。1，8，21，23 PAF与急性和慢性疼痛的关系是目前多个实验室正在研究的一个令人兴奋的领域。与对照受试者相比，慢性疼痛患者通常表现出α节律的变化，特别是PAF减慢，26并且发现PAF减慢的程度与慢性疼痛持续时间相关。对PAF减慢的一种解释是，它反映了积极维持慢性疼痛的大脑过程，例如持续疼痛带来的过度“抑制或障碍”。16另一种解释是，缓慢的PAF反映了与更高的疼痛敏感性相关的过程，以及在疾病发作之前发展慢性疼痛的倾向增加。后一种解释得到了健康受试者急性疼痛的一系列研究的支持，该研究发现，在无痛休息期间记录的个体PAF与未来疼痛事件的强度呈负相关。5-7这项工作已经进行了初步的临床验证：在一组接受开胸手术的患者中，术前收集的PAF能够预测术后疼痛的严重程度。因此，PAF被认为是疼痛敏感性的生物标志物，其被假设为从急性疼痛转变为慢性疼痛的关键因素。10
Neurophysiological signals detected noninvasively at the scalp using techniques such as EEG/MEG contain rhythms (oscillatory activity) occurring at distinct frequency bands. The predominant rhythm in healthy humans occurs between the bandwidth of 8 to 14 Hz and is commonly referred to as the alpha rhythm. The frequency within the alpha band where power is maximal is called the peak alpha frequency (PAF) or individual alpha frequency. Peak alpha frequency varies considerably between individuals, 9, 14 and this variability is believed to play a role in the individual differences in perceptual ability and temporal binding of sensory information. 1, 8, 21, 23 The relationship of PAF to both acute and chronic pain is an exciting area currently under investigation by multiple laboratories. Patients with chronic pain often exhibit changes in alpha rhythms, particularly slower PAF, when compared with control subjects, 26 and the degree of PAF slowing has been found to correlate with chronic pain duration. 3 One interpretation of this PAF slowing is that it reflects brain processes that actively maintain chronic pain, such as excess “inhibition or disfacilitation” brought about by ongoing pain. 16 An alternative interpretation is that slower PAF reflects processes related to higher pain sensitivity and an increased disposition to develop chronic pain that predate disease onset.This latter interpretation is supported by a series of studies of acute pain in healthy subjects, which found that an individual’s PAF recorded during a pain-free rest period was negatively correlated with the intensity of a future pain event. 5–7 This work has undergone initial clinical validation: In a cohort of patients undergoing thoracotomy, PAF collected before surgery was able to predict the severity of postsurgery pain. 20 Thus, PAF has been suggested as a biomarker of pain sensitivity, which has been hypothesized to be a key factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain. 10