Evolutionary rates for multivariate traits: the role of selection and genetic variation.
Evolutionary rates for multivariate traits: the role of selection and genetic variation.
复制标题
多元性状的进化率：选择和遗传变异的作用。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0252
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pitchers W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pitchers W
进化生物学中的一个基本问题是选择和遗传结构在决定进化速率方面的相对重要性。适应性进化可以用多变量育种者方程（）来描述，该方程将一组表型性状的进化变化（）预测为作用于它们的定向选择（β）和这些性状的遗传方差-协方差矩阵（G）的乘积。尽管从经验上估计具有挑战性，但已有足够的G和β估计值发表，以允许跨物种合成一般模式。我们使用已发表的估计来检验假设，即性状类型之间的进化速率存在系统差异，并且这些差异部分是由于遗传结构。我们发现一些证据表明，与生活史或形态特征相比，性选择特征表现出更快的进化速度。这种差异似乎并不涉及更强的选择性选择性状。使用许多建议的方法来量化的形状，大小和结构的G，我们研究这些参数如何相互关联，以及它们如何在分类和性状分组之间变化。尽管存在相当大的差异，但它们并不能解释所观察到的进化速度的差异。
A fundamental question in evolutionary biology is the relative importance of selection and genetic architecture in determining evolutionary rates. Adaptive evolution can be described by the multivariate breeders' equation (), which predicts evolutionary change for a suite of phenotypic traits () as a product of directional selection acting on them (β) and the genetic variance–covariance matrix for those traits (G). Despite being empirically challenging to estimate, there are enough published estimates of G and β to allow for synthesis of general patterns across species. We use published estimates to test the hypotheses that there are systematic differences in the rate of evolution among trait types, and that these differences are, in part, due to genetic architecture. We find some evidence that sexually selected traits exhibit faster rates of evolution compared with life-history or morphological traits. This difference does not appear to be related to stronger selection on sexually selected traits. Using numerous proposed approaches to quantifying the shape, size and structure of G, we examine how these parameters relate to one another, and how they vary among taxonomic and trait groupings. Despite considerable variation, they do not explain the observed differences in evolutionary rates.