Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus
Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167299025002007
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Bargh, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, M;Bargh, JA
关于自动态度激活的研究已经证明了一种普遍的趋势，即无意识地将大多数（如果不是所有）传入的刺激分类为好或坏。两个实验测试了这种效应的功能解释。作者假设自动评价直接导致对刺激的行为倾向，例如积极评价产生立即接近倾向，消极评价产生立即回避倾向。参与者通过推动或拉动杠杆对态度物体刺激做出反应。与假设一致，参与者在推离杠杆（避免）时对负价刺激的反应比在拉向杠杆（接近）时更快，但在拉杠杆时对正刺激的反应比推杠杆时更快。即使对刺激的评估与参与者的意识任务无关，这种模式也会保持不变。将刺激自动分类为好或坏似乎具有直接的行为后果。
Research on automatic attitude activation has documented a pervasive tendency to nonconsciously classify most if not all incoming stimuli as either good or bad. Two experiments tested a functional explanation for this effect. The authors hypothesized that automatic evaluation results directly in behavioral predispositions toward the stimulus, such that positive evaluations produce immediate approach tendencies, and negative evaluations produce immediate avoidance tendencies. Participants responded to attitude object stimuli either by pushing or by pulling a lever. Consistent with the hypothesis, participants were faster to respond to negatively valenced stimuli when pushing the lever away (avoid) than when pulling it toward them (approach) but were faster to respond to positive stimuli by pulling than by pushing the lever. This pattern held even when evaluation of the stimuli was irrelevant to the participants' conscious task. The automatic classification of stimuli as either good or bad appears to have direct behavioral consequences.