DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN-PERFORMANCE ON CONCURRENT SCHEDULES
DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN-PERFORMANCE ON CONCURRENT SCHEDULES
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1993.59-29
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
LOWE, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HORNE, PJ;LOWE, CF
进行了六个实验，每个实验有 5 名成年人，旨在研究多个并发可变间隔计划中人类表现的决定因素。采用了两键程序，受试者的按键产生可兑换金钱的积分。跨实验操纵的变量是（a）转换延迟（实验2、4和6），（b）与预定强化频率相关的序数线索（实验3和4），以及（c）描述与时间表相关的刺激和预定强化频率之间的序数关系的指令（实验5和6）。 30 名受试者中只有 13 名的表现可以通过广义匹配方程来描述，并且处于动物文献中报道的典型值范围内。 8 名受试者表现出冷漠，9 名匹配不足，7 名近似匹配，3 名过度匹配，另外 3 名仅对并发时间表中较丰富的部分做出反应。这些不同的反应模式与受试者在实验后问卷中报告的不同类型的表现规则密切相关。结果与人类在单一时间表上的表现研究的结果非常一致，这表明规则控制的行为与突发事件的相互作用可能是人类选择的重要决定因素。
Six experiments, each with 5 human adults, were conducted to investigate the determinants of human performance on multiple concurrent variable-interval schedules. A two-key procedure was employed in which subjects' key presses produced points exchangeable for money. Variables manipulated across experiments were (a) changeover delay (Experiments 2, 4, and 6), (b) ordinal cues related to scheduled reinforcement frequencies (Experiments 3 and 4), and (c) instructions describing the ordinal relations between schedule-correlated stimuli and scheduled reinforcement frequency (Experiments 5 and 6). The performances of only 13 of the 30 subjects could be described by the generalized matching equation and were within a range of values typical of those reported in the animal literature. Eight subjects showed indifference, 9 undermatched, 7 approximated matching, 3 overmatched, and a further 3 responded exclusively to the richer component of the concurrent schedules. These differing modes Of responding were closely related to the different types of performance rules reported by subjects in postexperimental questionnaires. The results are in good agreement with those from studies of human performance on single schedules, suggesting that rule-governed behavior, in interaction with contingencies, may be an important determinant of human choice.