Uniqueness of Entamoeba sulfur metabolism: sulfolipid metabolism that plays pleiotropic roles in the parasitic life cycle
Uniqueness of Entamoeba sulfur metabolism: sulfolipid metabolism that plays pleiotropic roles in the parasitic life cycle
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DOI：
10.1111/mmi.13827
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Yoshida, Hiroki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mi-ichi, Fumika;Miyamoto, Tomofumi;Yoshida, Hiroki
硫代谢无处不在，最终合成对生物体至关重要的各种生物分子，例如含硫氨基酸和辅因子、硫脂和硫酸糖。溶组织内阿米巴是一种导致阿米巴病的原生动物寄生虫，具有非典型定位的独特硫代谢特征，其最终产物仅限于硫脂。在这里，我们通过将所有磺基转移酶和硫酸酯酶与其底物和产物联系起来，提出了溶组织内阿米巴硫代谢的总体方案。此外，还鉴定出一种新型硫代谢物——脂肪醇二硫酸盐，并显示其在滋养体增殖中发挥重要作用。胆固醇硫酸盐是另一种合成的硫脂，之前被证明在包囊中发挥重要作用，包囊是从增殖滋养体到休眠包囊的分化过程。内阿米巴通过在这两种不同的形式之间交替而生存。因此，内阿米巴硫代谢通过其最终产物促进寄生生命周期。有趣的是，硫代谢的这种独特特征在内阿米巴的非寄生近亲马斯蒂加阿米巴中并不保守，因为横向基因转移介导的硫酸酯酶和磺基转移酶（赋予这一特征的关键酶）仅发生在内阿米巴谱系中。因此，我们的研究结果表明硫脂代谢与寄生存在因果关系。
Sulfur metabolism is ubiquitous and terminally synthesizes various biomolecules that are crucial for organisms, such as sulfur-containing amino acids and co-factors, sulfolipids and sulfated saccharides. Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis, possesses the unique sulfur metabolism features of atypical localization and its terminal product being limited to sulfolipids. Here, we present an overall scheme of E. histolytica sulfur metabolism by relating all sulfotransferases and sulfatases to their substrates and products. Furthermore, a novel sulfur metabolite, fatty alcohol disulfates, was identified and shown to play an important role in trophozoite proliferation. Cholesteryl sulfate, another synthesized sulfolipid, was previously demonstrated to play an important role in encystation, a differentiation process from proliferative trophozoite to dormant cyst. Entamoeba survives by alternating between these two distinct forms; therefore, Entamoeba sulfur metabolism contributes to the parasitic life cycle via its terminal products. Interestingly, this unique feature of sulfur metabolism is not conserved in the nonparasitic close relative of Entamoeba, Mastigamoeba, because lateral gene transfer-mediated acquisition of sulfatases and sulfotransferases, critical enzymes conferring this feature, has only occurred in the Entamoeba lineage. Hence, our findings suggest that sulfolipid metabolism has a causal relationship with parasitism.