Rural livelihoods and access to natural capital: Differences between migrants and non-migrants in Madagascar.
Rural livelihoods and access to natural capital: Differences between migrants and non-migrants in Madagascar.
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DOI：
10.4054/demres.2012.26.24
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发表时间：
2012-06-27
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dickinson TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nawrotzki RJ;Hunter LM;Dickinson TW
虽然自然资源在地球仪的农村生计中发挥着核心作用，但很少有研究探讨移徙与自然资本使用之间的关系，特别是结合其他生计资本（即，人力、社会、财政和物质）。本文以农村生计框架为基础，探讨了马达加斯加农村移民和非移民的生计资本可用性，特别是自然资本之间的关联。2008/2009年人口与健康调查的数据与植被覆盖率卫星图像（归一化植被指数）结合使用，以替代自然资源。分层多层次模型允许包括跨层次的相互作用之间的移民身份和邻近的自然资源作为生计资产的地位的决定因素。有三个关键发现。首先，较高水平的近距离自然资源与移民和非移民的更多金融、人力和社会资本相关。第二，平均而言，移民拥有比非移民更多的金融、物质、人力和社会资本，而从城市到农村的移民在所有资本资产类别上都做得特别好。第三，居住在自然资本水平较高地区的移民往往拥有高得多的人力资本（教育）水平。虽然我们不能检查生计战略本身，结果表明在马达加斯加农村的移民和非移民之间的生计潜力的变化，与移民往往有更大的资本资产。此外，获得自然资源是一项核心生计战略。
Although natural resources play a central role in rural livelihoods across the globe, little research has explored the relationship between migration and natural capital use, particularly in combination with other livelihood capitals (i.e., human, social, financial and physical). Grounded in the rural livelihood framework, this paper explores the association between the livelihood capital availability, especially natural capital, for migrants and non-migrants in rural Madagascar. Data from the 2008/2009 Demographic and Health Survey are used in combination with satellite imagery of vegetation coverage (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) to proxy natural resources. Hierarchical multilevel models allow for inclusion of cross-level interactions between migrant status and proximate natural resources as determinants of the status of livelihood assets. Three key findings emerge. First, higher levels of proximate natural resources are associated with greater financial, human, and social capital for both migrants and non-migrants. Second, migrants have, on average, greater financial, physical, human, and social capital than non-migrants, and urban-to-rural migrants do exceptionally well on all capital asset categories. Third, migrants residing in areas with higher levels of natural capital tend to have significantly higher levels of human capital (education). Although we cannot examine livelihood strategies per se, the results suggest variation in livelihood potential among migrants and non-migrants in rural Madagascar, with migrants tending to have greater capital assets. In addition, access to natural resources is a central livelihood strategy.