HIERARCHICAL RESPONSES OF TADPOLES TO MULTIPLE PREDATORS
HIERARCHICAL RESPONSES OF TADPOLES TO MULTIPLE PREDATORS
复制标题
蝌蚪对多种捕食者的分层反应
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Joly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Teplitsky;S. Plénet;P. Joly
多因素对表型可塑性表达的影响研究较少。同时存在的因素，导致不同的反应可能会导致之间的权衡反应或在层次的反应。诱导防御提供了一个合适的模型来研究这些替代方案。诱导防御进化响应捕食风险的变化。在这里，我们研究了非致命的存在，追求（鱼，Gasterosteus aculeatus）和静坐等待（幼虫，Aeshna cyanea）捕食者对蝌蚪形态的影响，在两个青蛙（蛙dalmatina和R。ridiora）。捕食试验表明，Aeshna是两种捕食者中对两种蝌蚪更危险的。在这两个物种中，诱导反应不同，根据捕食者类型。在鱼类的存在下，蝌蚪投资在两个尾巴肌肉深度和尾巴长度。在存在的仔鱼，投资是在尾鳍深度。当同时面对这两种类型的捕食者时，反应类似于单独存在Aeshna时所表达的反应，这表明根据捕食风险的反应层次。这种反应的层次结构可能是由于对其他捕食者诱导的表型的选择。
The impact of multiple factors on the expression of phenotypic plasticity has been poorly studied. The simultaneous presence of factors inducing diverging responses may result either in a trade-off between the responses or in a hierarchy of responses. Inducible defenses offer a suitable model to investigate these alternatives. Inducible defenses evolve in response to variability in predation risk. Here, we investigated the impact of the nonlethal presence of both pursuing (fish, Gasterosteus aculeatus) and sit-and-wait (dragonfly larvae, Aeshna cyanea) predators on tadpole morphology in two frogs (Rana dalmatina and R. ridibunda). Predation tests showed that Aeshna were the more dangerous of the two predators for the tadpoles of both species. In both species, induced responses differed according to predator type. In the presence of fish, tadpoles invested in both tail muscle depth and tail length. In the presence of dragonfly larvae, the investment was made in tail fin depth. When faced with the two types of predators simultaneously, the response was similar to that expressed in the presence of Aeshna alone, suggesting a hierarchy of response according to predation risk. Such a hierarchy of response could result from selection against the phenotype induced by the other predator.