Spatial Accessibility to Public Service Facilities and Its Measurement Approaches
Spatial Accessibility to Public Service Facilities and Its Measurement Approaches
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Zhang Lei
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作者：
Zhang Lei
空间可达性测量可用于评价公共服务设施布局的合理性，并可用于比较相关规划方案的优劣。公共服务设施空间可达性度量首先是根据设施特征和服务需求假设的各种设施的具体空间分布目标，选择相应的可达性评价因子，然后根据评价因子采用合适的可达性度量方法，实现可达性计算。然而，遗憾的是，目前关于这一主题研究的文献很少。一方面，从服务迫切性、可接受性、数量（单一或多种）、等级等级等角度对公共服务设施进行分类分析，并探讨如何假设不同设施的空间分布目标，选择相应的可达性评价因子。另一方面，介绍了基于供给（提供者）与需求（人口）、最短旅行阻抗（时间或距离）、累积机会和空间交互作用的主要测量方法，并比较了各种方法的应用和优缺点，讨论了基于潜力模型和两步浮动集水区法的公共服务设施空间可达性测量方法。最后，在对上述研究进行回顾和总结的基础上，提出了多层次设施空间可达性测度、需求者活动视角下空间可达性测度的综合考察、研究区多设施空间可达性综合测度以及复杂测度方法与GIS的整合等研究方向。
Spatial accessibility measurement can be applied to assess the rationality of public service facilities distribution,and can be used to compare the merits and drawbacks of related planning schemes.As for spatial accessibility measurement to public service facilities,the primary issue is to select corresponding accessibility evaluation factors according to specific spatial distribution targets of various facilities presumed by facilities features and service demands,and the next is to apply appropriate accessibility measurement approaches according to the evaluation factors and to achieve the accessibility calculation.However,it is unlucky that the present literature on such thematic studies is scarce.On the one hand,we analyze the classification to public service facilities from the perspectives of service urgency,acceptability,quantity(single or various) and hierarchic rank,and then we discuss how to presume spatial distribution targets and select corresponding accessibility evaluation factors of different facilities.On the other hand,we introduce the main measurement approaches including the methods based on supply(provider) versus demand(population),the shortest travel impedance(time or distance),opportunities to be accumulated,and spatial interaction,and furthermore we compare the applications as well as the merits and drawbacks of various approaches,and discuss how to measure spatial accessibility of public service facilities based on potential model and two-step floating catchment area method.Finally,based on the above review and summary,we point out that the following research topics should be devoted more attention to: the spatial accessibility measurement to hierarchical facilities,comprehensive examination of the spatial accessibility measurement from the point of view of demanders activities,integrated spatial accessibility measurement to multiple facilities in the study area,and the integration between complicated measure approaches and GIS.