Impact of vaccination and selective breeding on the transmission of Infectious salmon anemia virus
Impact of vaccination and selective breeding on the transmission of Infectious salmon anemia virus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736365
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发表时间：
2021-03-30
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chase-Topping, Margo E.;Pooley, Chris;Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea
使用420条大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫太阳能鲑鱼，parr阶段），以同时测试疫苗接种和选择性育种对传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒（ISAV）传播的影响。抗病性的遗传差异是基于15个家族的死亡率差异（由基因组育种值（GEBV）定义），并分为三组（低GEBV（LBV），中等GEBV（MBV）和高GEBV（HBV））。在将三个不同的脱落物组置于具有幼稚接触鱼（n = 15）的水箱（T1 - T18）中之前用ISAV感染，15个家庭中的每个家庭有一个代表。散毒组包括接种LBV（LBVv）、未接种LBV（LBVv）和未接种HBV（HBVv）。该试验用两组连续的9个水箱进行，因此可以在其感染过程的不同阶段（早期（感染后3-9天（dpi）与晚期（9-15 dpi））测试脱落鱼的感染性。使用广义线性混合模型（GLMM）和贝叶斯流行病学模型对接触鱼类的感染和死亡数据进行了分析。疫苗接种和遗传抗性都不能阻止传播，但都降低了接触鱼类的感染概率。虽然没有统计学显著性，但遗传抗性的影响（LBVNV vs HBVNV：比值比：8.35（0.75-93.36））大于疫苗接种（LBVNV vs LBVv：比值比：4.52（0.43-46.99））。不同抗性育种值的鱼对ISAV感染的敏感性无差异，但对ISAV感染的耐受性存在显著差异，LBV鱼比HBV鱼早14 d死亡。死亡率作为抗性表型在育种计划似乎同时提高ISAV感染的鱼的生存和减少伊萨的传播。然而，将粘液病毒载量（MVL）作为额外的表型来评估以更有效地减少伊萨传播将是有益的。
A transmission trial was carried out using 420 Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar L., parr stage) to simultaneously test the impact of vaccination and selective breeding on the transmission of Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV). Genetic difference in disease resistance was based on mortality differences across 15 families (defined by a genomic breeding value (GEBV)) and organised into three groups (low GEBV (LBV), mid GEBV (MBV) and high GEBV (HBV)). Three different shedder groups were infected with ISAV before being placed in tanks (T1 - T18) with naive contact fish (n = 15), one representative from each of the 15 families. The shedder groups included LBV vaccinated (LBVv), LBV not vaccinated (LBVnv) and HBV not vaccinated (HBVnv). The trial was run with two consecutive sets of nine tanks so the infectiousness of the shedder fish could be tested at different stages in their infection process (early (3-9 days post-infection (dpi) versus late (9-15 dpi)). Infection and mortality data of the contact fish were analysed using a Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) and a Bayesian epidemiological model. Neither vaccination nor genetic resistance prevented transmission, but both lowered the probability of infection in contact fish. Though not statistically significant, the effect of genetic resistance was larger (LBVNV vs HBVNV: odds ratio: 8.35 (0.75-93.36)) than vaccination (LBVNV vs LBVv: odds ratio: 4.52 (0.43-46.99)). There was no difference in the susceptibility of fish with different resistance breeding values, however, significant differences were found in their endurance to ISAV infection, with LBV fish dying 14 days earlier than HBV fish. Mortality as a resistance phenotype in breeding programmes appears to simultaneously improve survival of ISAV infected fish and reduce ISA transmission. However, it would be beneficial to evaluate mucus viral load (MVL) as an additional phenotype to more effectively reduce ISA transmission.