Heterotrimeric G protein signaling and RGSs in Aspergillus nidulans.
Heterotrimeric G protein signaling and RGSs in Aspergillus nidulans.
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发表时间：
2006-04
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Jae-Hyuk Yu
中科院分区：
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作者：
Jae-Hyuk Yu
异三聚体G蛋白(G蛋白)在所有真核生物中都是保守的，是感知和传递外界信号进入细胞以引起适当的生理生化反应的关键成分。异源三聚体G蛋白信号系统的基本单位包括G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)、由α、β和伽马亚基组成的G蛋白，以及各种效应器。这些G蛋白元件的顺序敏化和激活将外部信号转化为基因表达变化，导致适当的细胞行为。G蛋白信号调节因子(RGSS)是适当控制G蛋白信号强度和持续时间的关键因素。在过去的十年里，G蛋白信号及其调控在许多模式和/或病原真菌中得到了深入的研究，这些研究的结果有助于更好地理解真菌营养生长、交配、发育、毒力/致病力的建立以及次生代谢产物的生物合成的上游调控。本文综述了丝状子囊菌模式菌Nidulans中G蛋白上游基本成分和RGS蛋白的特点及其对生物过程各方面的调控作用。特别讨论了它们在控制菌丝增殖、无性孢子形成、有性繁殖和真菌毒素杂色曲霉毒素产生方面的作用。
Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) are conserved in all eukaryotes and are crucial components sensing and relaying external cues into the cells to elicit appropriate physiological and biochemical responses. Basic units of the heterotrimeric G protein signaling system include a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a G protein composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, and variety of effectors. Sequential sensitization and activation of these G protein elements translates external signals into gene expression changes, resulting in appropriate cellular behaviors. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGSs) constitute a crucial element of appropriate control of the intensity and duration of G protein signaling. For the past decade, G protein signaling and its regulation have been intensively studied in a number of model and/or pathogenic fungi and outcomes of the studies provided better understanding on the upstream regulation of vegetative growth, mating, development, virulence/pathogenicity establishment, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in fungi. This review focuses on the characteristics of the basic upstream G protein components and RGS proteins, and their roles controlling various aspects of biological processes in the model filamentous ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In particular, their functions in controlling hyphal proliferation, asexual spore formation, sexual fruiting, and the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin production are discussed.