Introducing DeBRa: a detailed breast model for radiological studies
Introducing DeBRa: a detailed breast model for radiological studies
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/54/14/010
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发表时间：
2009-07-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Darambara, Dimitra G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Andy K. W.;Gunn, Spencer;Darambara, Dimitra G.
目前，X 射线乳房X 线摄影是乳腺癌筛查项目的首选方法。随着乳腺 X 线摄影技术从 2D 成像模式转向 3D，传统的计算模型没有足够的细节来支持这些先进成像系统的研究。这些 3D 成像系统的研究需要真实且复杂的乳房计算模型。 DeBRa（用于放射学研究的详细乳房模型）是最近为乳房成像研究开发的最先进、详细的 3D 乳房计算模型。 DeBRa 模型可以构建为模拟受压乳房（如胶片/屏幕、数字乳房 X 线摄影和数字乳房断层合成研究），或非受压乳房（如正电子发射乳房 X 线摄影和乳房 CT 研究）。头尾和内侧斜视图都可以建模。模型内部的解剖细节包括输乳管系统、库珀韧带和胸肌。纤维腺组织也被真实地建模。此外，微钙化、不规则肿瘤和针状肿瘤等异常现象也被插入模型中。现有的复杂乳房模型需要专门的模拟代码。与它的前身不同，DeBRa 将元素组成和密度纳入其体素中，包括明确建模的解剖结构和类噪声纤维腺组织的元素组成和密度。体素尺寸根据任何研究的需要来指定，并且微钙化被嵌入到体素中，使得微钙化尺寸不受体素尺寸的限制。因此，DeBRa 可与通用蒙特卡洛代码配合使用。此外，通用蒙特卡罗代码可以轻松模拟不同类型的成像模式和探测器特性。 DeBRa 是一款多功能、多用途模型，专为 X 射线和伽马射线成像研究而设计。
Currently, x-ray mammography is the method of choice in breast cancer screening programmes. As the mammography technology moves from 2D imaging modalities to 3D, conventional computational phantoms do not have sufficient detail to support the studies of these advanced imaging systems. Studies of these 3D imaging systems call for a realistic and sophisticated computational model of the breast. DeBRa (Detailed Breast model for Radiological studies) is the most advanced, detailed, 3D computational model of the breast developed recently for breast imaging studies. A DeBRa phantom can be constructed to model a compressed breast, as in film/screen, digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis studies, or a non-compressed breast as in positron emission mammography and breast CT studies. Both the cranial-caudal and mediolateral oblique views can be modelled. The anatomical details inside the phantom include the lactiferous duct system, the Cooper ligaments and the pectoral muscle. The fibroglandular tissues are also modelled realistically. In addition, abnormalities such as microcalcifications, irregular tumours and spiculated tumours are inserted into the phantom. Existing sophisticated breast models require specialized simulation codes. Unlike its predecessors, DeBRa has elemental compositions and densities incorporated into its voxels including those of the explicitly modelled anatomical structures and the noise-like fibroglandular tissues. The voxel dimensions are specified as needed by any study and the microcalcifications are embedded into the voxels so that the microcalcification sizes are not limited by the voxel dimensions. Therefore, DeBRa works with general-purpose Monte Carlo codes. Furthermore, general-purpose Monte Carlo codes allow different types of imaging modalities and detector characteristics to be simulated with ease. DeBRa is a versatile and multipurpose model specifically designed for both x-ray and gamma-ray imaging studies.