Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19.
Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.002
复制
发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nakamura Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lange KW;Nakamura Y
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行导致的禁闭在家和心理困扰可能导致有害的健康行为，如暴饮暴食、久坐不动、身体活动减少、酒精和烟草使用增加以及屏幕时间增加导致睡眠受损。所有这些行为都与非传染性疾病有关，并可能干扰免疫力。虽然没有任何食物、单一营养素或膳食补充剂能够预防COVID-19感染，但含有足量宏量营养素和多种微量营养素的均衡饮食是免疫系统最佳运作的先决条件。高能量的“西方”饮食和肥胖是COVID-19更严重病程的主要危险因素。饮酒和吸烟对免疫系统也有不利影响。因此，控制全民体重、降低吸烟率和限制饮酒是重要的预防措施。此外，充足的恢复性睡眠是充分的免疫功能所必需的。在营养、运动、睡眠、吸烟和饮酒方面适当改变生活方式可能有助于改变感染风险的人群分布，并有助于预防COVID-19严重疾病。大规模调查应探讨生活方式改变的影响，在大流行期间，迫切需要向个人和社区提供可靠的生活方式信息和有效的干预措施。
Confinement to the home and psychological distress due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may lead to harmful health behaviors, such as overeating, sedentary behavior with reduced physical activity, elevated alcohol and tobacco use and increased screen time causing impaired sleep. All of these behaviors are associated with non-communicable diseases and can interfere with immunity. While no foods, single nutrients or dietary supplements are capable of preventing infection with COVID-19, a balanced diet containing sufficient amounts of macronutrients and diverse micronutrients is a prerequisite of an optimally functioning immune system. High-energy “Western” diets and obesity are major risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19. Alcohol use and tobacco also have detrimental effects on the immune system. Therefore, population-wide body weight control, reduction of smoking rates and limitation of alcohol consumption are important preventive measures. Furthermore, sufficient restorative sleep is needed for adequate immune functioning. Appropriate lifestyle changes in regard to nutrition, exercise, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake may help shift the population distribution of infection risk and aid in preventing severe COVID-19 disease. Large-scale surveys should explore the effects of lifestyle changes, and the provision of reliable lifestyle information and effective interventions to individuals and communities during the pandemic is a pressing need.