AstroAccess: Testing accessibility accommodations for disabled and mixed-ability crews operating in space-like environments
AstroAccess: Testing accessibility accommodations for disabled and mixed-ability crews operating in space-like environments
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AstroAccess：测试在类似太空环境中操作的残疾人和混合能力人员的无障碍设施
DOI：
10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.02.012
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fauerbach, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Molaro, Jamie L.;Kapusta, Ann;Wells-Jensen, Sheri;Voelker, Anna;Bahram, Sina;Bailey, Tim;Bolles, Dana;Cooper, Mary Kate;Fair, Christy;Fauerbach, Michael
当今社会正在经历机器人太空探索的黄金时代，随着美国宇航局和新兴的私人航天工业等实体重新关注将人类送回月球和轨道，对人类太空飞行的兴趣重新受到欢迎。这是社会的一个关键转折点，因为有些人期待我们的未来成为一个可能的航天文明，而另一些人则想知道谁将能够参与太空探索。从历史上看，残疾人和其他少数群体一直被排除在空间科学和技术领域之外，也被排除在宇航员方案之外。然而，人类空间探索可以通过无障碍设计领域的研究和创新更具包容性。通用无障碍设计为在环境中工作的所有个人带来了优势，残疾人适应不适合他们的环境的能力可以作为航天飞行的优势。在这项工作中，残疾人和混合能力的机组人员对产生失重的抛物线零重力飞行进行了研究，探索了可能减轻残疾人在类似太空环境中操作所面临挑战的工具和技术。在这里，我们讨论了在我们的飞行中进行的实验，强调了什么类型的技术提供了有前途的解决方案，为无障碍设计的太空栖息地，西装，工具和住宿，可以使未来的残疾宇航员在太空中安全地操作。我们将重点介绍通用设计解决方案，这些解决方案不仅为以前被排除在外的研究人员提供了机会，而且有可能提高所有宇航员的安全和效率，无论他们是否残疾。我们还将讨论可以纳入培训和程序的操作策略，以利用混合能力船员的优势，确保每个人都能有效地共同运作。
Society today is experiencing a golden age of robotic space exploration and interest in human spaceflight has regained popularity as entities like NASA and the burgeoning private space industry refocus attention on sending humans back to the Moon and into orbit. This is a critical turning point for society, as some look to our future as a possibly spacefaring civilization while others wonder who will be enabled to participate in that space exploration. Historically, Disabled individuals and other minoritized groups have been excluded from space science and technology fields, as well as from participation in astronaut programs. However, human space exploration can be made more inclusive with research and innovation in the area of accessible design. Universal accessible design brings advantages to all individuals operating in an environment, and the ability of Disabled individuals to adapt to environments not suited for them can be leveraged as a strength in spaceflight. In this work, disabled and mixed ability crews performed research on parabolic zero-gravity flights which produce weightlessness, exploring tools and technologies which may mitigate challenges for disabled individuals operating in space-like environments. Here we discuss the experiments performed on our flights, highlighting what types of technologies offer promising solutions for accessible design of space habitats, suits, and tools, and accommodations which can enable future disabled astronauts to operate safely in space. We will highlight universal design solutions that not only provide access to previously excluded researchers but have the potential to improve safety and efficiency for all astronauts, regardless of disability. We will also discuss operational strategies which can be incorporated into training and procedure to leverage the strengths of mixed ability crews in ensuring everyone operates effectively together.
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