Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft?
Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft?
复制标题
垂直传播的山波——对高空飞行的飞机有危险吗？
DOI：
10.1175/jamc-d-17-0340.1
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
R. Sharman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Bramberger;A. Dörnbrack;H. Wilms;Steffen Gemsa;Kevin D Raynor;R. Sharman
2016年1月12日，高空和远程研究飞机（HALO）在意大利上空进行研究飞行期间，在飞行高度410（12.5 km）处意外发生失速警告。飞行员的干预减轻了危险的飞行情况。在事件发生地点，平流层的特点是沿轨迹风速和温度的水平变化很大。在这个特殊的日子里，强烈的西北风在对流层低层与一个对齐的极锋急流合作，有利于激发和垂直传播的大振幅山波在亚平宁山脉和以上的意大利。这些山波携带着8 W m−2的巨大垂直能量通量，从对流层传播到平流层时没有显著的耗散。虽然湍流是公认的对航空的危害，但本案例研究表明，不间断的垂直传播的山波也会造成潜在的危害，特别是对高空飞行的飞机。波浪引起的环境沿航迹风速的调制可使飞机速度朝向最小所需失速速度减小。
Stall warnings at flight level 410 (12.5 km) occurred unexpectedly during a research flight of the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) over Italy on 12 January 2016. The dangerous flight situation was mitigated by pilot intervention. At the incident location, the stratosphere was characterized by large horizontal variations in the along-track wind speed and temperature. On this particular day, strong northwesterly winds in the lower troposphere in concert with an aligned polar front jet favored the excitation and vertical propagation of large-amplitude mountain waves at and above the Apennines in Italy. These mountain waves carried large vertical energy fluxes of 8 W m−2 and propagated without significant dissipation from the troposphere into the stratosphere. While turbulence is a well-acknowledged hazard to aviation, this case study reveals that nonbreaking, vertically propagating mountain waves also pose a potential hazard, especially to high-flying aircraft. It is the wave-induced modulation of the ambient along-track wind speed that may decrease the aircraft speed toward the minimum needed stall speed.