Questionnaire Study on the Relationship Between Disaster Awareness and the Recognition of Evacuation Points
Questionnaire Study on the Relationship Between Disaster Awareness and the Recognition of Evacuation Points
复制标题
DOI：
10.14398/urpr.5.43
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yukari Niwa;Andrew Burgess;Kaori Ito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yukari Niwa;Andrew Burgess;Kaori Ito
在日本，人们已经从“预防灾害”转向减轻灾害，即减少灾害造成的损失。为了减少灾害造成的损失，在非灾害期间保持防灾准备非常重要。东京大田区地方政府和社区层面都在防灾方面做出了努力，包括发布危险地图和疏散计划以及疏散演习。这项研究的目的有两个：首先了解疏散点认知与实际认知之间的关系，其次了解个人日常活动空间或户外活动点与疏散点认知之间的关系。对东京大田区的两个地区进行了问卷调查，选取了不同程度的灾害风险。该调查共收到 714 份有效答复。关于当地疏散点的认知度，结果显示，虽然71.6%的受访者认为自己对疏散点有一定了解，但只有50.7%的人能够在地图上准确找到疏散点。相反，有 40.0% 的受访者认为自己不知道自己的疏散点在哪里，但他们能够在地图上正确找到疏散点。这意味着对疏散点的感知意识不一定等于对疏散点的实际意识。除了问卷调查外，受访者还被要求绘制出当地的疏散点以及日常生活中去过的地方，由此提出了“区域”方法来了解户外活动点和疏散点认知之间的空间关系。分析发现，家庭结构、财产所有权以及实际步行从家到疏散点的经历与疏散点的认知度有显着关系，单身家庭、租房者和没有走过路线到达疏散点的人倾向于记录靠近其活动空间的疏散点，而不是指定的疏散点。确定倾向于选择靠近日常活动区域的疏散点的社区群体，这有助于更好地了解商店、车站等公共设施集中区域附近疏散点的拥堵情况，以及更好地传达正确疏散程序的方法。
In Japan there has been a shift away from ‘preventing disaster’ towards disaster mitigation, or reducing the damage caused by disaster. In order to reduce the damage caused by disasters it is important to maintain preparedness for disaster during non-disaster periods. Ota Ward, Tokyo, at both the local government and community level has made efforts towards disaster preparedness including the publication of hazard maps and evacuation plans as well as evacuation drills. The purpose of this research is twofold; firstly to understand the relationship between percieved and actual awareness of evacuation points, and secondly to understand the relationship between personal daily activity spaces, or out-of-home activity points, and the awareness of evacuation points. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two areas of Ota Ward, Tokyo, selected for their varying degrees of risk caused by disaster. The survey yielded 714 valid responses. Concerning the awareness of local evacuation points, results showed that while 71.6% of respondents believe that they have some knowledge of their evacuation points only 50.7% could accurately locate their evacuation point on a map. Conversely 40.0% of respondents who didn’t believe that they knew where their evacuation point is could correctly locate their evacuation point on a map. This implies that perceived awareness of evacuation points does not necessarily equate to actual awareness of evacuation points. As well as the questionnaire survey respondents were also asked to plot their local evacuation points and the places they had visit in their daily life, from which a ‘zone’ method was proposed to understand the spatial relationship between out-of-home activity points and the awareness of evacuation points. The analysis found that household structure, property ownership, and experience of actually walking the route from home to evacuation point as having a significant relationship to the awareness of evacuation points in that single households, renters and people who have not walked the route to their evacuation point tended to record evacuation points close to their activity spaces rather than designated evacuation points. In identifying sectors of the community that tend to select evacuation points closer to their daily activity areas which could help to better understand congestion at evacuation points near areas with a concentration of public facilities such as shops and stations as well as methods to better communicate correct evacuation procedures.