Antimicrobial Use in Extensive Smallholder Livestock Farming Systems in Ethiopia: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Livestock Keepers
Antimicrobial Use in Extensive Smallholder Livestock Farming Systems in Ethiopia: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Livestock Keepers
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2020.00055
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发表时间：
2020-02-26
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Wieland, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gemeda, Biruk Alemu;Amenu, Kebede;Wieland, Barbara
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是一项主要的公共卫生威胁，食用动物生产中不适当的抗微生物药物使用（AMU）可造成人类抗微生物药物耐药性的全球负担。本研究旨在了解埃塞俄比亚三个农业生态区和生产系统中小农畜主对抗菌素使用、残留和耐药性的知识、态度和做法。采用基于结构化访谈的横断面研究。采用21个项目评价农民的KAP。采用项目反应理论（IRT）模型和Cronbach’s alpha对KAP量表进行评估。采用推理分析比较了在农场和社会经济特征方面的做法差异。不同农业生态区和生产系统报告的抗菌素使用类型存在差异。牧民最常使用抗生素（86.7%），其次是驱虫类（70.8%）。总体而言，四环素类（36.4%）、氨基糖苷类（31.3%）和甲氧苄啶-磺胺类（6.2%）是研究地点最常用的抗生素类别。18.5%的牧民家庭还将人用抗生素（四环素）用于兽医目的。约81.6%接受调查的畜主报告说，他们能够获得兽药，尽管在不同的农业生态区和生产系统中，获得兽药的情况有所不同。大约72.3%的牧民没有完成整个治疗过程而使用抗生素。此外，70%的受访者不知道抗生素治疗后牛奶和肉类的建议停药期。值得注意的是，大约80%和70%的答复者分别倾向于给予高于或低于抗菌素推荐剂量的剂量。该研究证实，有必要采取干预措施，提高小农的知识，以改善一般抗微生物药物，特别是在这些环境中使用抗生素的方式。此外，专业人员的参与、监督和指导也可使小农畜主更有效地使用抗微生物药物。该研究还强调需要研究开发可用的工具来衡量抗生素的知识和态度。
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, and inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) in food animal production can contribute to the global burden of AMR in humans. This study was conducted to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of smallholder livestock owners regarding antimicrobial use, residue, and resistance in three agro-ecological zones and production systems in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study based on structured interviews was conducted. Twenty-one items were used to assess farmers' KAP. Item response theory (IRT) model and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess the KAP measurement scales. Inferential analyses were used to compare the differences in the practices in terms of the farm and socio-economic characteristics. There was a difference in the type of antimicrobials reported use between agro-ecological zones and production systems. Pastoralists most commonly used antibiotics (86.7%) followed by anthelminthics (70.8%). Overall, tetracyclines (36.4%), aminoglycosides (31.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfonamides (6.2%) were the most frequently used classes of antibiotics across the study sites. Human preparation antibiotics (tetracyclines) were also being used for veterinary purposes by 18.5% of pastoralist households. About 81.6% of livestock owners surveyed reported to have access to veterinary drugs although access varied between agro-ecological zones and production system. About 72.3% of pastoralists administered antibiotics by not following through the full treatment course. Moreover, 70% of respondents were not aware of the recommended withdrawal periods of milk and meat after antibiotic treatment. It was noticed that around 80 and 70% of respondents had a tendency to give doses higher or lower than recommended of antimicrobials, respectively. The study confirms the need for interventions to increase knowledge among smallholder farmers to improve the way antimicrobials in general and antibiotics in particular are used in these settings. In addition, professional involvement, supervision, and guidance can also lead to more efficient antimicrobial use by smallholder livestock owners. The study also highlights the need for research into the development of usable tools that measure antibiotic knowledge and attitudes.