Endocrinology of sound production in fishes
Endocrinology of sound production in fishes
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DOI：
10.1080/10236249709378999
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Fine, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fine, ML
鱼的声音通常与争斗和求偶行为有关，在许多情况下，声音是由具有性别二型声音产生机制的雄性产生的。这篇评论的重点是声音和性二形音神经肌肉系统的牡蛎蟾鱼Opsanus头，比较它与相关的蟾鱼，见习生Porichthys notatus的调查结果，最后审查类固醇水平的数据和它们的影响，质量的季节性变化的声音肌肉和声音的特点，在weakfish犬牙石首鱼。关于牡蛎蟾鱼的工作重点包括以下几点。(1)定量的季节性变化的男性boatwhistle交配呼叫的方式表明，类固醇调节输出的中枢神经系统模式发电机的基本频率和持续时间。(2)男性较大的声波肌肉由更多数量的较小的纤维组成，因此比女性更节能。男性肌肉有更大的活动厌氧和有氧酶和酶的活动和肌肉的大小增加雄激素。(3)雌性动物的脊髓声音运动核（SMN）中的神经元较小，雄性动物的神经元较小（S）或较大（L）。这三种变体在Porichthys中也存在，但两种变体之间在体细胞生长模式、树突发育和发声能力方面存在较大差异。SMN的性二态性的发展表明羊膜脊椎动物（鸟类和哺乳动物）和鱼类之间的主要差异，特别是在围产期的关键时期和细胞死亡。(4)与其他脊椎动物一样，蟾鱼中枢神经系统中的声音中枢（包括腹侧端脑的上连合核、视前小细胞前核、枕状核和下网状核）也具有性腺类固醇浓缩神经元。虽然内分泌调查的声音生产已试图在只有三个物种，其相关性的重要生活史事件的重要商业重要物种和大量的基本生物学问题的可用性表明该领域是成熟的进一步调查。
Fish sounds are often associated with agonistic and courtship behavior, and in many cases sounds are produced by males with sexually dimorphic sound-producing mechanisms. This review focuses on the sounds and sexually dimorphic sonic neuromuscular system of the oyster toadfish Opsanus tau, compares it with findings on a related toadfish, the midshipman Porichthys notatus and finally reviews data on steroid levels and their effect on seasonal changes in mass of the sonic muscles and sound characteristics in the weakfish Cynoscion regalis. Highlights of the work on the oyster toadfish include the following. (1) Quantitative seasonal changes in the male boatwhistle mating call in a manner suggesting that steroids modulate the output of central nervous system pattern generators for fundamental frequency and duration. (2) Larger sonic muscles in males comprised of a greater number of smaller and therefore more energy efficient fibers than in females. Male muscles have greater activities of anaerobic and aerobic enzymes and enzyme activities and muscle size are increased by androgens. (3) Neurons in the spinal sonic motor nucleus (SMN) are small in females and either small (S) or large (L) in males. The same three morphs are present in Porichthys, but there are major differences in somatic growth patterns, dendrite development and sonic abilities among morphs in the two species. Development of sexual dimorphism in the SMN suggests major differences between amniotic vertebrates (birds and mammals) and fishes, particularly with regard to perinatal critical periods and cell death. (4) As in other vertebrates, toadfish sonic centers in the central nervous system (including the supracommissural nucleus of the ventral telencephalon, nucleus preopticus parvocellularis anterior, the torus semicircularis and the inferior reticular nucleus) possess gonadal steroid-concentrating neurons. Although endocrine investigation of sound production has been attempted in only three species, its relevance to important life history events of commercially-important species and the availability of large numbers of basic biological questions suggest the field is ripe for further investigation.