Delay and jitter attacks on hierarchical state estimation
Delay and jitter attacks on hierarchical state estimation
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DOI：
10.1109/smartgridcomm.2015.7436347
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alessio Baiocco;Chiara Foglietta;S. Wolthusen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alessio Baiocco;Chiara Foglietta;S. Wolthusen
状态估计对于保证许多不能保持完全可观测性的非平凡控制系统的稳定性至关重要，在依赖广域测量系统的电力网络中尤其重要。近年来，恶意不良数据注入问题得到了广泛的研究，提出了一些创新的缓解和保护措施。分层和分布式状态估计系统不仅需要正确的测量和检测和减轻任何故障或攻击的手段，而且还需要及时传输测量和中间结果。我们认为，后者到目前为止还没有被充分考虑，通信通道不能被认为是瞬时和可靠的，也不能仅仅被随机模型捕获。在本文中，我们描述了一种基于公共WLS公式的分层状态估计器的通信信道模型，并分析了由于对通信信道的干扰而导致中级和顶层状态估计收敛失败的故障的传播。为此，我们集中讨论拒绝服务型攻击，仅限于抑制导致延迟或抖动的通信或通道操纵，因为即使在通道完整性和保密性得到充分保护的情况下，此类攻击也是可行的。分析结果显示了实质性的影响，也得到了模拟结果的支持。
State estimation is critical to ensure the stability of many non-trivial control systems where full observability cannot be maintained, and is particularly important in electrical power networks relying on wide-area measurement systems. In recent years, the problem of malicious bad data injection has been studied extensively, with a number of innovative mitigation and protection measures being proposed. Hierarchical and distributed state estimation systems require not only correct measurements and means for detecting and mitigating any faults or attacks, but also timely transmission of measurements and intermediate results. We argue that the latter has thus far not been considered adequately, and that communication channels cannot be considered to be instantaneous and reliable, nor solely be captured by stochastic models. In this paper we describe a communication channel model for hierarchical state estimators relying on the common WLS formulation and analyse the propagation of faults leading up to convergence failures in both intermediate and top-level state estimates as a consequence of interference with the communication channel. To this end we concentrate on denial of service-type attacks, limited to suppression of communication or channel manipulation resulting in delays or jitter as such attacks are feasible even where channel integrity and confidentiality are protected adequately. Analytical results showing substantial effects are supported by simulation results also reported.