Inter-annual trend of the primary contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 concentrations in Venice (Italy): Efficiency of emissions mitigation strategies
Inter-annual trend of the primary contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 concentrations in Venice (Italy): Efficiency of emissions mitigation strategies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.065
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Citron, Marta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Contini, Daniele;Gambaro, Andrea;Citron, Marta
由于旅游业和贸易的增加，船舶和港口的排放量目前正在增加，这可能会对全球空气污染和气候产生影响。在地方范围内，港口船舶排放影响沿海地区的空气质量，影响沿海社区的健康。在全球和欧洲层面上，减少船舶排放的国际立法主要基于低硫燃料的使用。在这项工作中，分析了旅游航运对威尼斯市区大气PM2.5浓度的主要贡献epsilon的年际趋势。在2007年、2009年和2012年夏季进行了测量。结果显示，epsilon由2007年的7%(+/-1%)下降至2009年的5%(+/-1%)，并于2012年下降至3.5%(+/-1%)。这些活动的气象和微气象条件相似。以总吨位计算，2007年至2009年期间的旅游船交通量增长了约25.4%，2009年至2012年增长了17.6%。Epsilon的减少与2007年至2009年期间在该地区执行的使用低硫燃料的自愿协议(威尼斯蓝旗)的影响以及2010年执行2005/33/CE指令有关。结果表明，使用低硫燃料可以有效地减少航运对局地尺度大气初级颗粒物的影响。此外，自愿协议还可以有效地减少航运对沿海地区当地空气质量的影响。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Ships and harbour emissions are currently increasing, due to the increase of tourism and trade, with potential impact on global air pollution and climate. At local scale, in-port ship emissions influence air quality in coastal areas impacting on health of coastal communities. International legislations to reduce ship emissions, both at Worldwide and European levels, are mainly based on the use of low-sulphur content fuel. In this work an analysis of the inter-annual trends of primary contribution, epsilon, of tourist shipping to the atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations in the urban area of Venice has been performed. Measurements have been taken in the summer periods of 2007, 2009 and 2012. Results show a decrease of epsilon from 7% (+/- 1%) in 2007 to 5% (+/- 1%) in 2009 and to 3.5% (+/- 1%) in 2012. The meteorological and micrometeorological conditions of the campaigns were similar. Tourist ship traffic during measurement campaigns increased, in terms of gross tonnage, of about 25.4% from 2007 to 2009 and of 17.6% from 2009 to 2012. The decrease of epsilon was associated to the effect of a voluntary agreement (Venice Blue Flag) for the use of low-sulphur content fuel enforced in the area between 2007 and 2009 and to the implementation of the 2005/33/CE Directive in 2010. Results show that the use of low-sulphur fuel could effectively reduce the impact of shipping to atmospheric primary particles at local scale. Further, voluntary agreement could also be effective in reducing the impact of shipping on local air quality in coastal areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.