How does partial substitution of chemical fertiliser with organic forms increase sustainability of agricultural production?
How does partial substitution of chemical fertiliser with organic forms increase sustainability of agricultural production?
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用有机肥料部分替代化肥如何提高农业生产的可持续性？
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149933
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tang Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tang Q
为了确保全球粮食安全，农业必须提高生产力，同时减少与化学氮肥（N）相关的环境影响。这就需要采取更可持续的做法，例如回收有机废物以替代化肥氮投入。然而，迄今为止，这种策略如何控制微生物群落的演替及其与作物产量和环境影响的关系尚未得到全面研究。我们在中国进行了一项蔬菜生产的田间试验，研究了有机形式（猪粪或城市污泥堆肥）对化肥的部分替代（25-50%），并考虑了关键的可持续性指标：生产力，土壤健康，环境影响和微生物群落。我们证明，部分有机替代提高作物产量，防止土壤酸化，提高土壤肥力。处理也减少了有害的环境影响，较低的N2 O排放，N淋溶和径流，可能是由于减少无机氮盈余。微生物群落，包括参与氮循环的关键基因，对部分有机替代的响应是动态的和时间依赖性的，并且在调节作物产量和环境影响方面也是重要的。部分有机取代增加了细菌的多样性和几个特定的微生物类群（如鞘氨醇单胞菌目，粘球菌目，浮游菌目，和根瘤菌目）参与N循环的相对丰度。此外，部分有机替代减少了细菌氨氧化剂的数量，增加了细菌氨氧化剂的数量，N2 O还原剂的比例更加明显，这表明了减少N2 O排放的机制。综合经济成本效益评价表明，部分有机替代可使单位面积经济效益提高37- 46%，单位产品农业投入和环境影响降低22- 44%。其中，50%的猪粪替代是最有利可图的策略。这项研究对政策制定至关重要，因为它强调了转向平衡化学和有机肥料的系统的潜在优势，为农民带来经济利益，减少环境破坏和有效的有机废物处理方式。
To ensure global food security, agriculture must increase productivity while reducing environmental impacts associated with chemical nitrogen (N) fertilisation. This necessitates towards more sustainable practices such as recycling organic waste to substitute chemical fertiliser N inputs. However, hitherto how such strategy controls the succession of microbial communities and their relationship with crop yields and environmental impacts have not been comprehensively investigated. We conducted a field experiment with vegetable production in China examining partial substitution (25–50%) of chemical fertiliser with organic forms (pig manure or municipal sludge compost) considering key sustainability metrics: productivity, soil health, environmental impacts and microbial communities. We demonstrate that partial organic substitution improved crop yields, prevented soil acidification and improved soil fertility. Treatments also reduced detrimental environmental impacts with lower N2O emission, N leaching and runoff, likely due to reduced inorganic nitrogen surplus. Microbial communities, including key genes involved in the N cycle, were dynamic and time-dependent in response to partial organic substitution, and were also important in regulating crop yields and environmental impacts. Partial organic substitution increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of several specific microbial groups (e.g.Sphingomonadales,Myxococcales,Planctomycetes, andRhizobiales) involved in N cycling. Additionally, partial organic substitution reduced the number of bacterial ammonia oxidizers and increased the number of denitrifiers, with the proportion of N2O-reducers being more pronounced, suggesting a mechanism for reducing N2O emissions. Comprehensive economic cost-benefit evaluation showed that partial organic substitution increased economic benefit per unit area by 37–46%, and reduced agricultural inputs and environmental impacts per unit product by 22–44%. Among them, 50% substitution of pig manure was the most profitable strategy. The study is crucial to policy-making as it highlights the potential advantages of shifting towards systems balancing chemical and organic fertilisers with economic benefits for farmers, reduced environmental damage and an efficient way for organic waste disposal.