THE 1986 AND 1988 UNSCEAR REPORTS - FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS
THE 1986 AND 1988 UNSCEAR REPORTS - FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1097/00004032-199003000-00001
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发表时间：
1990-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
RICKS, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
METTLER, FA;SINCLAIR, WK;RICKS, RC
联合国原子辐射影响问题科学委员会（辐射科委）发表了一系列关于电离辐射的来源、影响和危险的实质性报告。本文总结了1986年和1988年最新报告的重点和结论。目前世界人口的每人年有效剂量当量约为3 mSv。其中大部分（2.4 mSv）来自自然背景，0.4至1 mSv来自医疗照射。其他来源的贡献每年不到0.02毫希沃特。全世界每年的集体有效剂量当量在1 300万至1 600万人西沃特之间。委员会评估了切尔诺贝利反应堆事故对北方人口造成的集体有效剂量当量，并得出结论认为，这一当量约为60万人西沃特。委员会还审查了辐射致癌作用的风险估计，其中包括日本在广岛和长崎的新剂量测定。这些数据表明，日本人口中高剂量和高剂量率低LET辐射的风险系数估计值约为3-10% Sv− 1，这取决于所使用的预测模型。委员会还指出，在计算低剂量和低剂量率下的此类风险时，可考虑2-10范围内的风险降低系数。
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has published a substantive series of reports concerning sources, effects, and risks of ionizing radiation. This article summarizes the highlights and conclusions from the most recent 1986 and 1988 reports. The present annual per person effective dose equivalent for the world's population is about 3 mSv. The majority of this (2.4 mSv) comes from natural background, and 0.4 to 1 mSv is from medical exposures. Other sources contribute less than 0.02 mSv annually. The worldwide collective effective dose equivalent annually is between 13 and 16 million person-Sv. The Committee assessed the collective effective dose equivalent to the population of the northern hemisphere from the reactor accident at Chernobyl and concluded that this is about 600,000 person-Sv. The Committee also reviewed risk estimates for radiation carcinogenesis which included the new Japanese dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These data indicate that risk coefficient estimates for high doses and high dose rate low-LET radiation in the Japanese population are approximately 3–10% Sv− 1, depending on the projection model utilized. The Committee also indicated that, in calculation of such risks at low doses and low dose rates, a risk-reduction factor in the range of 2–10 may be considered.