Development of Endosperm Tissue with Special Reference to the Translocation of Reserve Substances in Cereals : III. Translocation pathways in rice endosperm
Development of Endosperm Tissue with Special Reference to the Translocation of Reserve Substances in Cereals : III. Translocation pathways in rice endosperm
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胚乳组织的发育特别涉及谷物中储备物质的转移：III。
DOI：
10.1626/jcs.53.153
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Hoshikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Hoshikawa
观察了发育中的水稻内胚层和细胞核的组织学变化，并注意了储备物质的转运途径。并与前人报道的二棱大麦的研究结果进行了比较。1. 初生胚乳（开花后9 ~ 10 d），胚乳外侧部中部和外周之间出现了不规则形状的细胞。然而，它们的数量明显少于二棱大麦（图1）。在侧部和腹部的糊粉粒和亚糊粉粒细胞中，在整个发育阶段都没有观察到大麦中所见的锯齿状细胞壁修饰。3. 随着胚乳变胖，珠心表皮背斜细胞壁的面积随着细胞的扩大而增加了几十倍，而褶皱细胞壁的面积则增加得更多。背斜细胞壁内形成大量胞间连丝。这可能证明了珠心表皮作为从维管束背侧到腹侧的传导组织而发育（图2 ~ 10）。4. 在一些年轻的背糊粉细胞中发现了象征转移细胞图形的壁向内生长结构（图12）。然而，水稻的转移细胞数量较少，这与之前报道的双棱大麦的转移细胞在背侧形成的情况不同。5. 水稻背糊粉组织由6 ~ 8个细胞层组成。开花后第9 ~ 10天，幼体背糊粉组织中零星出现一些“异常细胞”。它们用比普通糊粉细胞更深的甲苯胺蓝染色，并与其特征不均匀的细胞壁相互连接，形成一个穿过糊粉组织的通道（图13、14）。与发育的正常糊粉细胞相比，它们逐渐退化和下降（图15-17），即使在成熟的糊粉组织中也发现了相当厚的痕迹（图18）。“异常细胞”可能是由于背糊粉细胞排列不规则所致。由“异常细胞”连接而成的通道可能作为通过被糊粉粒充分填充的厚糊粉层的转运途径发挥着重要作用。
Histological changes in the developing rice endoperm and nucellus were observed with attention to the translocation pathway of reserve substances. Results were discussed by comparison with those of two-rowed barley which reported in the previous papers. 1. On the young endosperm (9-10 days after anthesis), some irregular shaped cells were found in the midway area between peripheral and center of the lateral portions. However, they were remarkably less in number than those of two-rowed barley (Fig. 1). 2. In the aleurone and subaleurone cells of lateral and ventral portions, zigzag modification of the wall as found in barley was could not observed throughout the developing stage. 3. Anticlinal cell walls of nucellar epidermis increased in area about several tens times by expanding of the cell as the endosperm grew fat, and they increased more by folding. A large number of plasmodesmata were formed in the anticlinal cell walls. This may be a proof that the nucellar epidermis developed as the conductive tissue from dorsal vascular bundle to the ventral side (Figs. 2∼10). 4. Wall-ingrowth structure that symbolizes the figure of transfer cell was found in some young dorsal aleurone cells (Fig. 12). However, the transfer cells were small in number in rice, and this differed from two-rowed barley in which many transfer cells were formed in the dorsal portion as reported previously. 5. Dorsal aleurone tissue was composed of 6-8 cell-layers in rice. On the 9-10th day after anthesis, some "unusual cells" were observed sporadically in the young dorsal aleurone tissue. They were stained with toluidine blue darker than ordinary aleurone cells, and were mutually connected with their characteristic uneven cell walls to form a channel across the aleurone tissue (Figs. 13, 14). They degenerated and were depressed gradually in contrast with the normal aleurone cells developed (Figs. 15-17), and that they were found as rather thick traces even in mature aleurone tissue (Fig. 18). The "unusual cells" might be cause of the irregular arrangement of the dorsal aleurone cells. The channels made of connection of the "unusual cells" may play an important role as the translocation pathways through thick aleurone layers which cells were fully packed with aleurone grains etc.