Contrasting genomic shifts underlie parallel phenotypic evolution in response to fishing
Contrasting genomic shifts underlie parallel phenotypic evolution in response to fishing
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aaw7271
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
N. Therkildsen;Aryn P. Wilder;D. Conover;S. Munch;H. Baumann;S. Palumbi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Therkildsen;Aryn P. Wilder;D. Conover;S. Munch;H. Baumann;S. Palumbi
鱼类种群对捕捞压力的反应迅速。在几代之内，会发生显著的表型变化通常是体型变小，因为通常是大鱼被捕捞。Therkildsen等人研究了野生祖先鱼类谱系，发现多基因机制支持这种快速进化能力（见Jørgensen和Enberg的观点）。表型变化以两种方式发生：第一，通过与野生生长变异相关的数百个非连锁基因的多个小的平行变化，第二，通过连锁基因的大块转移，导致某些位点的等位基因频率发生大的变化。《科学》，本期第487页;另见第443页鱼类收获通过不同的多基因机制推动了更快生长率的快速进化。人类在自然界引起了广泛的进化变化，但我们对人类世快速适应的基因组基础仍然知之甚少。我们追踪了实验鱼类种群中所有蛋白质编码基因的基因组变化，由于仅经过四代的大小选择性收获，这些鱼类种群的生长率发生了显着变化。重复行的比较显示平行的等位基因频率的变化，概括了在野生的大小选择梯度的反应，在数百个不相关的变异集中在生长相关的基因。然而，一个基因的超簇也在频率上迅速上升，并在一个复制系中主导了进化动态，而在其他系中则不然。因此，平行的表型变化掩盖了高度不同的基因组对选择的反应，说明了在面对强大的人类诱导的选择时，偶然的快速适应是如何发生的。
Parallel and idiosyncratic fish adaptation Fish populations respond rapidly to fishing pressure. Within a handful of generations, marked phenotypic change can occur—often to smaller body sizes, because it is the big fish that are usually extracted. Therkildsen et al. examined wild ancestor fish lineages and found that polygenic mechanisms underpin this rapid evolutionary capacity (see the Perspective by Jørgensen and Enberg). Phenotypic change happened in two ways: first, by multiple small parallel changes in hundreds of unlinked genes associated with growth variation in the wild, and second, by shifts in large blocks of linked genes, causing large allele frequency changes at some loci. Science, this issue p. 487; see also p. 443 Fish harvest drives rapid evolution of faster growth rates by different polygenic mechanisms. Humans cause widespread evolutionary change in nature, but we still know little about the genomic basis of rapid adaptation in the Anthropocene. We tracked genomic changes across all protein-coding genes in experimental fish populations that evolved pronounced shifts in growth rates due to size-selective harvest over only four generations. Comparisons of replicate lines show parallel allele frequency shifts that recapitulate responses to size-selection gradients in the wild across hundreds of unlinked variants concentrated in growth-related genes. However, a supercluster of genes also rose rapidly in frequency and dominated the evolutionary dynamic in one replicate line but not in others. Parallel phenotypic changes thus masked highly divergent genomic responses to selection, illustrating how contingent rapid adaptation can be in the face of strong human-induced selection.