Invading predatory crustacean Dikerogammarus villosus eliminates bath native and exotic species
Invading predatory crustacean Dikerogammarus villosus eliminates bath native and exotic species
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1099
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发表时间：
2000-05-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Platvoet, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dick, JTA;Platvoet, D
随着生物入侵速度的加快，对其影响的解释和预测变得更加重要。特别是在生物多样性方面，我们需要阐明入侵者和当地人之间的种间行为相互作用。在荷兰的淡水中，我们发现入侵的滨里海甲壳类片脚类 Dikerogammarus villosus 正在迅速消灭欧洲本土片脚类 Gammarus duebeni 和虎虾 Gammarus tigrinus，后者迄今为止是来自北美的非常成功的入侵者。在实验室中，与在微观世界中隔离的雄性 D. villosus 相比，当雄性 D. villosus 自由漫游时，单个（无人看守的）雌性 G. duebeni 的存活率显着降低。此外，当存在雄性 D. villosus 时，与雄性 G. duebeni 相比，配对（受保护的）雌性 G. duebeni 的存活率显着降低。 D. villosus 杀死并吃掉刚刚换毛的受害者，以及异常情况下换毛期间的受害者。与在微观世界中隔离相比，当 D. villosus 自由游荡时，虎纹虎的存活率显着降低，而且，蜕皮和中间蜕皮的受害者都会被捕食。雄性 D. villosus 比雌性更具捕食性，而雌性 G. tigrinus 则比雄性更容易被捕食。 D. villosus 对这两个物种的捕食发生在一定范围的水电导率范围内，这一环境特征先前已被证明可以促进片足类动物共存。预计这种掠食性入侵者将进一步减少欧洲和北美一系列淡水栖息地的端足类动物多样性。
As the tempo of biological invasions increases, explanations and predictions of their impacts become more crucial. Particularly with regard to biodiversity, we require elucidation of interspecific behavioural interactions among invaders and natives. In freshwaters in The Netherlands, we show that the invasive Ponto-Caspian crustacean amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus is rapidly eliminating Gammarus duebeni, a native European amphipod, and Gammarus tigrinus, until now a spectacularly successful invader from North America. In the laboratory, survival of single (unguarded) female G. duebeni was significantly lower when male D. villosus were free to roam as compared with isolated within microcosms. In addition, survival of paired (guarded) female G. duebeni was significantly lower when male D. villosus as compared with male G. duebeni were present. D. villosus killed and consumed both recently moulted and, unusually, intermoult victims. Survival of G. tigrinus was significantly lower when D. villosus were free to roam as compared with isolated within microcosms and, again, both moulted and intermoult victims were preyed upon. Male D. villosus were significantly more predatory than were females, while female G. tigrinus were significantly more often preyed upon than were males. Predation by D. villosus on both species occurred over a range of water conductivities, an environmental feature previously shown to promote amphipod coexistence. This predatory invader is predicted to reduce further the amphipod diversity in a range of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America.