Testing historical explanations for gradients in species richness in heliconiine butterflies of tropical America
Testing historical explanations for gradients in species richness in heliconiine butterflies of tropical America
复制标题
测试热带美洲鹤蝴蝶物种丰富度梯度的历史解释
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Mallet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Rosser;Albert B. Phillimore;Blanca Huertas;K. Willmott;J. Mallet
我们编制了一个大型数据库的58 059点的地方记录的70种和434亚种的heliconiine蝴蝶，并使用这些数据来测试其多样化的进化假设。为了研究多样性和接触区的地理模式，我们绘制了：（1）物种丰富度;（2）平均分子系统发育末端分支长度;（3）亚种丰富度和亚种杂交种的标本比例;（4）博物馆取样工作。在整个亚马逊地区，蝎尾蕉的物种丰富度很高，在赤道附近的山麓和安第斯山脉东部的中海拔地区达到顶峰。平均系统发育末端分支长度在安第斯山脉东部最低，在物种丰富的地区往往较低。相比之下，亚种丰富度高的地区，亚种在范围上重叠和/或杂交，集中在沿着亚马逊河的过程中，与东部安第斯山脉的斜坡和山麓相对落后的地方种内表型多样性。在新热带区heliconiine物种丰富度的空间梯度是一致的假设，物种丰富度梯度至少部分由物种形成和/或灭绝率的变化，导致观察到的梯度平均系统发育分支长度，而不是通过进化年龄或生态位保守性。本研究中获得的数据，加上最近进化的Heliconius物种的个别案例研究，表明Heliconiine蝴蝶的辐射主要发生在哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的安第斯山脉的东坡，以及亚马逊河流域的上游/中部。479-497.
We compiled a large database of 58 059 point locality records for 70 species and 434 subspecies of heliconiine butterflies and used these data to test evolutionary hypotheses for their diversification. To study geographical patterns of diversity and contact zones, we mapped: (1) species richness; (2) mean molecular phylogenetic terminal branch length; (3) subspecies richness and the proportion of specimens that were subspecific hybrids, and (4) museum sampling effort. Heliconiine species richness is high throughout the Amazon region and peaks near the equator in the foothills and middle elevations of the eastern Andes. Mean phylogenetic terminal branch length is lowest in the eastern Andes and tends to be low in species-rich areas. By contrast, areas of high subspecies richness, where subspecies overlap in range and/or hybridize, are concentrated along the course of the Amazon River, with the eastern Andes slopes and foothills relatively depauperate in terms of local intraspecific phenotypic diversity. Spatial gradients in heliconiine species richness in the Neotropics are consistent with the hypothesis that species richness gradients are driven at least in part by variation in speciation and/or extinction rates, resulting in observed gradients in mean phylogenetic branch length, rather than via evolutionary age or niche conservatism alone. The data obtained in the present study, coupled with individual case studies of recently evolved Heliconius species, suggest that the radiation of heliconiine butterflies occurred predominantly on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, as well as in the upper/middle Amazon basin. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 479–497.