Phonological short-term memory in conduction aphasia
Phonological short-term memory in conduction aphasia
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DOI：
10.1080/02687038.2011.643759
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Friedmann, Naama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gvion, Aviah;Friedmann, Naama
背景：在认知神经心理学模型中，传导性失语被概念化为语音缓冲缺陷。它可能会影响输出缓冲区、输入缓冲区或两者。语音输出缓冲区是一种短期存储，负责语音单位的短期维护，直到它们的发音，以及语音和形态的组成。语音输入缓冲器保存输入字符串，直到它们在输入词典中被识别。因此，语音缓冲区与语音短时记忆（pSTM）密切相关，因此，对传导性失语患者的pSTM进行评估是非常重要的。由于输入和输出缓冲区扮演不同的角色，它们中的每一个的损伤都预示着患者理解某些句子、学习新单词和名称以及在短时间内记住和回忆单词和数字列表的能力的不同损伤。本研究详细探讨了传导性失语症患者的pSTM，比较了输入和输出缺陷，回忆和识别任务，和各种类型的刺激。它还在六个年龄组的健康个体中测试了pSTM，评估了年龄对各种类型刺激的影响。本文提出了一个新的电池10回忆和识别广度测试，旨在评估pSTM在失语症和测量广度和影响spanns.Methods & Procedures：参与者是14个希伯来语传导性失语症，12个输入或输入输出语音缓冲缺陷，2个只有输出缺陷，和296个健康个体。结果与结果：对10次测试的广度和对pSTM的影响进行分析，结果表明：所有传导性失语患者的pSTM均为有限的，明显低于对照组，且无语义STM损害。与对照组相比，它们的跨度更短，长度和相似性效应更小，而重复效应更大。语音输入缓冲区受损的传导性失语患者在回忆和再认广度任务中都表现出缺陷。输出传导性失语者仅在回忆任务中表现出损害。结论：传导性失语患者pSTM存在损伤，不同类型的传导性失语患者pSTM损伤程度不同。输出传导性失语症只在需要言语输出时才引起困难，而输入传导性失语症在只需要识别时也会引起缺陷。这表明，排练可以发生没有语音输出缓冲区。年龄对健康成年人的单词和非单词的pSTM有不同的影响：虽然单词的编码发生了变化，但记住非单词的能力没有变化。
Background: Within cognitive neuropsychological models conduction aphasia has been conceptualised as a phonological buffer deficit. It may affect the output buffer, the input buffer, or both. The phonological output buffer is a short-term storage, responsible for the short-term maintenance of phonological units until their articulation, as well as for phonological and morphological composition. The phonological input buffer holds input strings until they are identified in the input lexicon. Thus the phonological buffers are closely related to phonological short-term memory (pSTM), and hence it is important to assess pSTM in conduction aphasia. Because the input and output buffers play different roles, impairment in each of them predicts different impairments in the patient's ability to understand certain sentences, to learn new words and names, and to remember and recall lists of words and numbers for short time periods.Aims: This study explored in detail pSTM in individuals with conduction aphasia, comparing individuals with input and output deficits, recall and recognition tasks, and stimuli of various types. It also tested pSTM in six age groups of healthy individuals, assessing the effect of age on various types of stimuli. This paper presents a new battery of 10 recall and recognition span tests, designed to assess pSTM in aphasia and to measure spans and effects on spans.Methods & Procedures: The participants were 14 Hebrew-speaking individuals with conduction aphasia, 12 with input or input-output phonological buffer deficit, and 2 with only output deficit, and 296 healthy individuals.Outcomes & Results: The analyses of the spans and effects on pSTM in the 10 tests indicated that all the participants with conduction aphasia had limited pSTM, significantly poorer than that of the control participants, and no semantic STM impairment. They had shorter spans, smaller length and similarity effects, and larger sentential effect than the controls. The individuals with conduction aphasia who had an impairment in the phonological input buffer showed deficit in both the recall and recognition span tasks. The individuals with the output conduction aphasia showed impairment only in the recall tasks. The healthy individuals showed age effect on span tasks involving words, but no effect of age on span tasks of nonwords.Conclusions: pSTM is impaired in conduction aphasia, and different pSTM impairments characterise different types of conduction aphasia. Output conduction aphasia causes difficulties only when verbal output is required, whereas input conduction aphasia also causes a deficit when only recognition is required. This suggests that rehearsal can take place without the phonological output buffer. Age differentially affects pSTM for words and nonwords in healthy adults: whereas the encoding of words changes, the ability to remember nonwords is unchanged.