Seeing Red: Anger Increases How Much Republican Identification Predicts Partisan Attitudes and Perceived Polarization.
Seeing Red: Anger Increases How Much Republican Identification Predicts Partisan Attitudes and Perceived Polarization.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139193
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pizzi WT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huber M;Van Boven L;Park B;Pizzi WT
我们在两起全国性悲剧--卡特里娜飓风(研究1)和亚利桑那州众议员加布里埃尔·吉福兹(Gabrielle Giffords)遭到大规模枪击(研究2)--的背景下，考察了偶然愤怒对民主党和共和党之间感知和实际两极分化的影响。我们假设，由于它与群体间冲突相关，偶然的愤怒加剧了问题党派之争的政治两极分化效应(党派认同与党派态度之间的关联)，以及保守派党派认同与民主党人和共和党人之间感知的两极分化之间的关联。我们进一步假设，这些影响对共和党人的认同感将是最强的，因为共和党领导人在这两起悲剧中都是公开批评的目标，也因为保守的(共和党)意识形态往往对威胁更敏感。在研究中，参与者首先通过回忆让他们愤怒(研究1和2)、悲伤(研究1和2)的自传体事件，或回忆情绪中性的事件(研究2)来完成情绪诱导过程。参与者后来报告了他们对这两起悲剧的态度，他们对典型的民主党人和共和党人在这些问题上的态度的看法，以及他们对民主党和共和党的认同。与偶然的悲伤(研究1和2)和中性情况(研究2)相比，偶然的愤怒加剧了共和党认同和党派态度之间的关联，以及分别加剧了共和党认同和民主党和共和党态度之间的两极分化。我们讨论了愤怒对政治态度形成的影响，以及对政治态度中群体差异的看法。
We examined the effects of incidental anger on perceived and actual polarization between Democrats and Republicans in the context of two national tragedies, Hurricane Katrina (Study 1) and the mass shooting that targeted Representative Gabrielle Giffords in Arizona (Study 2). We hypothesized that because of its relevance to intergroup conflict, incidental anger exacerbates the political polarization effects of issue partisanship (the correlation between partisan identification and partisan attitudes), and, separately, the correlation between conservative partisan identification and perceived polarization between Democrats and Republicans. We further hypothesized that these effects would be strongest for Republican identification because Republican leaders were targets of public criticism in both tragedies and because conservative (Republican) ideology tends to be more sensitive to threat. In the studies, participants first completed an emotion induction procedure by recalling autobiographical events that made them angry (Studies 1 & 2), sad (Studies 1 & 2), or that involved recalling emotionally neutral events (Study 2). Participants later reported their attitudes regarding the two tragedies, their perceptions of the typical Democrat’s and Republican’s attitudes on those issues, and their identification with the Democratic and Republican parties. Compared with incidental sadness (Studies 1 and 2) and a neutral condition (Study 2), incidental anger exacerbated the associations between Republican identification and partisan attitudes, and, separately between Republican identification and perceived polarization between the attitudes of Democrats and Republicans. We discuss implications for anger’s influence on political attitude formation and perceptions of group differences in political attitudes.