Object recognition with severe spatial deficits in Williams syndrome: sparing and breakdown
Object recognition with severe spatial deficits in Williams syndrome: sparing and breakdown
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2005.06.005
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kurz, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landau, Barbara;Hoffman, James E.;Kurz, Nicole
威廉姆斯综合征（WS）是一种罕见的遗传性疾病，其导致严重的视觉空间认知缺陷，伴随语言、面部识别和运动处理的某些方面的相对保留。在这里，我们寻找另一个认知系统对象识别的保留或损害的证据。WS儿童，正常心理年龄（MA）和实足年龄匹配（CA）的儿童，和正常的成年人观看了大量的物体在各种条件下的退化，包括规范和不寻常的方向，清晰或模糊的轮廓简要介绍的图片。对象被显示为全色视图（实验1）或线条画（实验2）。在这两个实验中，WS和MA儿童在所有条件下表现相似，而CA儿童表现优于WS组和MA组与不寻常的意见。然而，当图像也变得模糊时，这种优势就消失了。所有参与者组的错误类型和不同对象的相对难度相似。结果表明，选择性保留的基本机制的对象识别WS，连同发展延迟或逮捕识别对象从不寻常的观点。这些发现与越来越多的关于WS大脑异常的文献一致，这些文献指出大脑顶叶区域的选择性损伤。总的来说，这些结果进一步支持了越来越多的关于物体识别机制与其他空间功能的功能分离性的文献，并提出了关于遗传缺陷与认知之间联系的有趣问题。(c)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder that results in severe visual-spatial cognitive deficits coupled with relative sparing in language, face recognition, and certain aspects of motion processing. Here, we look for evidence for sparing or impairment in another cognitive system-object recognition. Children with WS, normal mental-age (MA) and chronological age-matched (CA) children, and normal adults viewed pictures of a large range of objects briefly presented under various conditions of degradation, including canonical and unusual orientations, and clear or blurred contours. Objects were shown as either full-color views (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). Across both experiments, WS and MA children performed similarly in all conditions while CA children performed better than both WS group and MA groups with unusual views. This advantage, however, was eliminated when images were also blurred. The error types and relative difficulty of different objects were similar across all participant groups. The results indicate selective sparing of basic mechanisms of object recognition in WS, together with developmental delay or arrest in recognition of objects from unusual viewpoints. These findings are consistent with the growing literature on brain abnormalities in WS which points to selective impairment in the parietal areas of the brain. As a whole, the results lend further support to the growing literature on the functional separability of object recognition mechanisms from other spatial functions, and raise intriguing questions about the link between genetic deficits and cognition. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.