Quantifying interspecific variation in dispersal ability of noctuid moths using an advanced tethered flight technique.
Quantifying interspecific variation in dispersal ability of noctuid moths using an advanced tethered flight technique.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1861
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Chapman JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones HB;Lim KS;Bell JR;Hill JK;Chapman JW
扩散在物种生活史的许多方面起着至关重要的作用，但往往很难直接衡量。对于许多昆虫来说尤其如此，特别是在自然野外条件下不易观察到的夜间活动物种(例如飞蛾)。因此，在过去的五十年里，实验室的绳索飞行技术已经发展成为测量昆虫飞行持续时间和速度的一种手段。然而，这些以前的设计倾向于关注单一物种(通常是迁徙害虫)，这里我们描述了一种改进的仪器，它允许在广泛的昆虫身体大小和类型的范围内研究飞行能力。从一系列物种中获取扩散信息对于了解昆虫种群动态和范围转移至关重要。我们新的实验室系留飞行装置自动记录单个昆虫的飞行持续时间、速度和距离。旋转系绳飞行磨机的摩擦力非常低，连接飞行昆虫的手臂非常轻，同时保持刚性和坚固，允许研究小昆虫和大昆虫。该仪器结构紧凑，因此可以在受控的实验室条件下同时对许多个体进行研究。我们用磨坊评估了24种英国夜蛾的飞行能力，这些夜蛾的大小从12-27 mm前翼长度(~40-660 mg体重)不等。我们通过将我们的拴系飞行数据与已发表的文献和专家意见中关于夜蛾传播能力的现有信息进行比较，验证了新技术的有效性。系留飞行变量的值与现有的关于这些物种的扩散能力的知识一致，支持使用这种方法来量化昆虫的扩散。重要的是，这项新技术为研究影响昆虫在多种物种中传播的遗传和环境因素提供了可能性。
Dispersal plays a crucial role in many aspects of species' life histories, yet is often difficult to measure directly. This is particularly true for many insects, especially nocturnal species (e.g. moths) that cannot be easily observed under natural field conditions. Consequently, over the past five decades, laboratory tethered flight techniques have been developed as a means of measuring insect flight duration and speed. However, these previous designs have tended to focus on single species (typically migrant pests), and here we describe an improved apparatus that allows the study of flight ability in a wide range of insect body sizes and types. Obtaining dispersal information from a range of species is crucial for understanding insect population dynamics and range shifts. Our new laboratory tethered flight apparatus automatically records flight duration, speed, and distance of individual insects. The rotational tethered flight mill has very low friction and the arm to which flying insects are attached is extremely lightweight while remaining rigid and strong, permitting both small and large insects to be studied. The apparatus is compact and thus allows many individuals to be studied simultaneously under controlled laboratory conditions. We demonstrate the performance of the apparatus by using the mills to assess the flight capability of 24 species of British noctuid moths, ranging in size from 12–27 mm forewing length (~40–660 mg body mass). We validate the new technique by comparing our tethered flight data with existing information on dispersal ability of noctuids from the published literature and expert opinion. Values for tethered flight variables were in agreement with existing knowledge of dispersal ability in these species, supporting the use of this method to quantify dispersal in insects. Importantly, this new technology opens up the potential to investigate genetic and environmental factors affecting insect dispersal among a wide range of species.