Consumption and the rebound effect - An industrial ecology perspective
Consumption and the rebound effect - An industrial ecology perspective
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DOI：
10.1162/1088198054084635
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hertwich, EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertwich, EG
为保护环境而采取的措施往往对社会产生其他意想不到的影响。人们担心的一个问题是，改变的行为可能会抵消部分环境收益，这被不同地贴上了“收回”或“反弹”的标签。“在能源经济学中，反弹效应包括由于能源效率措施而降低能源服务成本的行为和系统反应。从工业生态学的角度来看，我们关注的不仅仅是能源使用。任何给定的效率措施都有几种类型的环境影响。各种影响指标的变化方向不一定相同。针对解决一类问题的措施既有共同利益，也有消极的副作用。环境往往是一种免费投入，因此预计不会出现基于价格的反弹效应，但也会出现其他与价格无关的间接效应，如环境行为的溢出效应。如果已经对环境友好的产品的成本和影响降低，“反弹”可能会朝着相反的方向发展。此外，我确定技术溢出效应。因此，一些相关的影响，往往产生积极的结果，没有得到很好的理解。家庭环境影响评估和生态效率评估考虑到反弹效应，但不一定考虑到这些其他效应。因此，分析表明，目前对反弹效应的关注过于狭隘，需要扩大到涵盖共同效益、负面副作用和溢出效应。
Measures taken to protect the environment often have other, unintended effects on society. One concern is that changed behavior may offset part of the environmental gain, something that has variously been labeled "take-back" or "rebound." In energy economics, the rebound effect encompasses both the behavioral and systems responses to cost reductions of energy services as a result of energy efficiency measures. From an industrial ecology perspective, we are concerned about more than just energy use. Any given efficiency measure has several types of environmental impacts. Changes in the various impact indicators are not necessarily in the same direction. Both co-benefits and negative side effects of measures directed to solve one type of problem have been identified. Environment is often a free input, so that a price-based rebound effect is not expected, but other indirect effects not connected to the price, such as spillover of environmental behavior, also occur. If the costs and impact of products that are already environmentally friendly are reduced, the "rebound" can be in the opposite, desired direction. Furthermore, I identify technical spillover effects. Hence a number of related effects, often producing positive results, are not as well understood. Household environmental impact assessments and eco-efficiency assessments take into account the rebound effect, but they do not necessarily take into account these other effects. The analysis hence indicates that the current focus on the rebound effect is too narrow and needs to be extended to cover co-benefits, negative side effects, and spillover effects.