Pediatric Transesophageal Color Flow Imaging 1990: The Long and Short of It
Pediatric Transesophageal Color Flow Imaging 1990: The Long and Short of It
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儿科经食管彩色血流成像 1990 年：它的长与短
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Ritter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ritter
无创心脏成像极大地改变了心脏病学的实践，特别是过去十年中患有先天性心脏病的儿科患者。自从近 15 年前引入经食管超声心动图以来，高分辨率横截面成像与多普勒彩色血流图的结合为检查心脏提供了一个新的窗口。最近，经食管探头小型化至“儿童尺寸”，使其能够在最小的婴儿中使用，从而显着增加对先天性心脏畸形的评估。最近，在已经存在的横向平面探头的基础上添加纵向平面探头，使得双平面经食管超声心动图成为现实，心脏结构的正交图像提供了重要的附加信息。我们在 30 项研究中以互补的方式使用了这些探针，对 23 名年龄从 1 天到 12 岁（平均 35 个月）、体重 2.6-40 kg（平均 12.4 kg）的患者进行了研究。这些研究是在手术室、重症监护室、心导管实验室和门诊部进行的。使用纵轴儿科探头克服了单平面横向经食管超声心动图的局限性：左心室和右心室流出道、远端肺动脉以及所有室间隔和房间隔都很容易可视化。它在手术室和术后心脏重症监护病房中用于对无法接近的患者进行连续心室监测也提供了重要信息。婴儿和幼儿的经食管超声心动图是一种有价值的“无创”成像技术，加上补充的纵向平面视图，可以提供有关先天性心脏畸形及其修复的重要附加信息。
Noninvasive cardiac imaging has dramatically altered the practice of cardiology, specifically, the pediatric patient with congenital heart disease over the past decade. Since the introduction of transesophageal echocardiography nearly 15 years ago, addition of high‐resolution cross‐sectional imaging combined with Doppler color flow mapping has provided a new window to examine the heart. Recently, miniaturization of the transesophageal probe to “pediatric‐size” has enabled its use in the smallest of infants to add significantly to the assessment of congenital heart malformations. Most recently, addition of a longitudinal‐plane probe to the already‐existent, transverse‐plane probe has made biplane transesophageal echocardiography a reality with significant additional information being provided by orthogonal images of the cardiac structures. We used these probes in complementary fashion in 30 studies performed in 23 patients ages 1 day to 12 years with a mean of 35 months, weighing 2.6–40 kg (mean 12.4 kg). These studies were performed in the operating room, intensive care unit, cardiac catheterization laboratory, and outpatient department. Limitations of single‐plane, transverse transesophageal echocardiography were overcome using the longitudinal‐axis pediatric probe: left and right ventricular outflow tracts, distal pulmonary arteries, and all of the interventricular and atrial septa were easily visualized. Its use in the operating room and postoperative cardiac intensive care unit for continuous ventricular monitoring in otherwise‐inaccessible patients also provided critical information. Transesophageal echocardiography in infants and small children is a valuable “noninvasive” imaging technique which, with addition of complementary longitudinal‐plane views, offers important additional information regarding congenital heart malformations and their repair.